Jump to content

Adjuntas, Puerto Rico

Coordinates: 18°09′46″N 66°43′20″W / 18.16278°N 66.72222°W / 18.16278; -66.72222
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Adjuntas)

Adjuntas
Municipio Autónomo de Adjuntas
Town and Municipality
View of Adjuntas Pueblo and El Gigante Dormido from a nearby mountain.
View of Adjuntas Pueblo and El Gigante Dormido from a nearby mountain.
Flag of Adjuntas
Flag
Coat of arms of Adjuntas
Coat of arms
Nicknames: 
La Ciudad del Gigante Dormido,
La Suiza de Puerto Rico,
La Tierra de Lagos
Anthem: Adjuntas es mi amor
Map of Puerto Rico highlighting Adjuntas Municipality
Map of Puerto Rico highlighting Adjuntas Municipality
Coordinates: 18°09′46″N 66°43′20″W / 18.16278°N 66.72222°W / 18.16278; -66.72222
Sovereign state United States
Commonwealth Puerto Rico
Settled1739
FoundedAugust 11, 1815
Founded byDiego Maldonado
Barrios
17 barrios
Government
 • MayorJosé Soto Rivera (PPD)
 • Senatorial dist.5 – Ponce
 • Representative dist.22
Area
 • Total
67.10 sq mi (173.8 km2)
 • Land66.69 sq mi (172.7 km2)
 • Water.41 sq mi (1.1 km2)
Elevation
[1]
2,316 ft (706 m)
Population
 (2020)[2]
 • Total
18,020
 • Rank62nd in Puerto Rico
 • Density270/sq mi (100/km2)
DemonymAdjunteños
Time zoneUTC−4 (AST)
ZIP Codes
00601, 00631
Area code787/939
Major routes[3]link = Puerto Rico Highway 10 link = Puerto Rico Highway 123 link = Puerto Rico Highway 129 link = Puerto Rico Highway 135 link = Puerto Rico Highway 143 link = Puerto Rico Highway 131
Websiteadjuntaspr.com

Adjuntas (Spanish pronunciation: [aðˈxuntas]) is a small mountainside town and municipality in Puerto Rico located central midwestern portion of the island on the Cordillera Central, north of Yauco, Guayanilla, and Peñuelas; southeast of Utuado; east of Lares and Yauco; and northwest of Ponce. Adjuntas is spread over 16 barrios and Adjuntas Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). Adjuntas is about two hours by car westward from the capital, San Juan.

Adjuntas is nicknamed "the Switzerland of Puerto Rico" because of its relatively chilly weather. Many Puerto Rican mountain towns have cooler weather than the rest of the island; Adjuntas is no exception: the average yearly weather is 70 °F (21 °C) (High: 83 °F/28 °C; Low: 58 °F/14 °C).[4] Puerto Rico's lowest temperature were recorded in Adjuntas at 38 °F in 2018.[5] Its mild climate attracts a good number of island tourists during the summer months. The town has a small hotel named Monte Rio and a good-sized parador, or country inn, called Villa Sotomayor.[6]

Adjuntas' ZIP Code, 00601, is the lowest standard ZIP code in the United States ZIP code system.

Etymology and nicknames

[edit]
Charco Mangó, one of the many natural pools or charcas that give the municipality its nickname of La Tierra de los Lagos.

The name Adjuntas literally translates to "attached" in Spanish. The name is most likely a shortening of "tierras adjuntas a Coamo" or 'lands attached (or in proximity) to Coamo" as the territory was originally part of the lands of Villa de San Blas de Illescas, one of the oldest settlements in Puerto Rico, which the municipality gained autonomy from in 1739.[7]

The municipality has received numerous nicknames throughout its history, such as La Ciudad del Gigante Dormido, Spanish for "city of the sleeping giant" after the mountain that overlooks the town; La Suiza de Puerto Rico ("Puerto Rico's Switzerland") due to its relative cool temperatures and mountainous terrain; and La Tierra de los Lagos ("Land of the Lakes") after the many natural pools or charcas that are formed by the numerous rivers that flow through the municipality.

History

[edit]

Although there are petroglyphs and traces of Taíno people in Adjuntas, there is no proof that the region was dominated by any specific cacique. Nearby caciques like Guarionex and Urayoán could have had some control over the area.

According to historian Aurelio Tió, during the Spanish colonization of Puerto Rico in the 16th century, it is believed that a Spanish interpreter called Juan González settled in the region. Also, historian Cayetano Coll y Toste wrote a legend about Spanish people looking for gold in the region of Adjuntas.

Adjuntas to Ponce Road, circa 1900–1917

As colonization progressed, Adjuntas became part of the San Blas de Illescas (Coamo village),[8] which was founded in 1579 and became the most important settlement in the south. It is believed that the name "Adjuntas" derives from the term of "being close" to Coamo. As population shifted to Ponce, Adjuntas became more linked to that town, and then to Utuado, being a barrio of this municipality in 1739.

With 20 families established in the region, the residents of Adjuntas asked for the settlement to be officially recognized. The town of Adjuntas was then founded on August 11, 1815, with Diego Maldonado being elected as its representative. A city hall and public square were built shortly after.[9]

Adjuntas in the early 20th century

Adjuntas was one of the main cities where the Anusim, Maranos, and other Sephardi Jews settled in Puerto Rico.[10]

Postcard of President Theodore Roosevelt during his visit to Adjuntas

After the mid-19th century, Adjuntas welcomed many immigrants from the Mediterranean islands Corsica and Majorca. Some of them established coffee plantations. During the last decades of the 19th century, the coffee produced in Adjuntas was exported to Europe, United States and even the Vatican.[11]

Adjuntas was proclaimed a "villa", or a first order municipality, by the Spanish Government Monarchy in 1894.[12] Several years after, the town was occupied by the United States Army forces during the Spanish–American War of 1898 and was visited by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906.[13]

The discovery of rich deposits of copper, gold and other minerals during the 1960s motivated some local community and environmental leaders to oppose the mining. Casa Pueblo, a local community organization settled in Adjuntas, opposed to the mining and advocates for the preservation of natural resources in Puerto Rico.[14][15][16]

In 1992, Southern Gold Resources, a US company, was granted permission to explore for gold in Adjuntas and Utuado, Puerto Rico.[17]

Residents built a foot bridge to access their home in Adjuntas after Hurricane María.
Mountainous, rural areas in Adjuntas compounded restoration efforts after Hurricane María.

Hurricane Maria on September 20, 2017, triggered numerous landslides all across Adjuntas, with its winds and significant amount of rain, 18.38 inches in Adjuntas.[18][19] The hurricane winds and rain damaged infrastructure and the electrical system of Adjuntas collapsed leaving its over 18,000 residents with no electrical power. PR-10 which connects Adjuntas to Utuado collapsed by 9 feet, and according to the mayor of Adjuntas, 1500 homes were completely destroyed. Nearly 62% of the residents of Adjuntas were already living below the poverty level when Hurricane María hit Puerto Rico.[20] The municipality was also affected by the 2020 earthquakes which caused landslides and power outages in the region.[21]

Folklore

[edit]
El gigante dormido

El Gigante Dormido ("the sleeping giant") is a mountain (Cerro El Gigante) and panoramic view that resembles the shape of a man lying on his back, the profile of his face is reflected in the mountain ridges of Adjuntas. Legend says that many years ago a sole resident lived in the region, and he was a giant. The people wanted to live in those fertile lands, but they would observe the giant stretching his arms widely over the area, even peeping his head over the mountain peaks. A witch learned that to kill the giant she would have to hit him in his right eye with a poisoned arrow, which she did one day as he stood up. Being hit in the eye, the giant leapt in pain and fell flat on his back but not before punching the ground hard and that formed an area from where water foamed up. Eventually, the giant on his back became petrified in that position forming the panorama of the profile of his face.[22]

Geography

[edit]

The terrain of Adjuntas is very mountainous due to its location in the Cordillera Central. It borders Utuado in the north and east, Lares and Yauco to the west, and Guayanilla, Peñuelas, and Ponce to the south.[8]

Historian Pedro Tomás de Córdova described the terrain as "high, and mountainous, and very healthy". He also praised the quality of the terrain for agriculture.[23] Adjuntas' highest peak is Monte Guilarte (3,773 ft; 1,150 m),[24] followed by Vaquiñas (3,346 ft; 1,020 m). Guilarte itself is the sixth highest peak in Puerto Rico and is located in Guilarte State Forest. Córdova also mentioned the water features, describing 26 rivers and 16 creeks that ran through the region.

Bodies of water

[edit]

The following rivers flow through Adjuntas: Río Cidra, Río Corcho, Rio de la Ciénaga,[25] Río Garzas, Río Guilarte, Río Limaní, Río Saltillo, Río Toro, Río Vacas, and Río Yahuecas. There aren't any beaches in Adjuntas given that it is landlocked.[26]

Barrios

[edit]
Subdivisions of Adjuntas, Puerto Rico.

The municipality of Adjuntas is made up of 17 barrios, including the barrio-pueblo.[27][28][29][3]

  1. Adjuntas barrio-pueblo[30]
  2. Capáez
  3. Garzas
  4. Guayabo Dulce
  5. Guayo
  6. Guilarte
  7. Juan González
  8. Limaní
  9. Pellejas
  10. Portillo
  11. Portugués
  12. Saltillo
  13. Tanamá
  14. Vegas Abajo
  15. Vegas Arriba
  16. Yahuecas
  17. Yayales

Sectors

[edit]

Barrios (which are like minor civil divisions)[30] and subbarrios,[31] are further subdivided into smaller areas called sectores (sectors in English). The types of sectores may vary, from normally sector to urbanización to reparto to barriada to residencial, among others.[32][33][34]

Climate

[edit]
Adjuntas[4] (Climate – Tropical Rainforest (Af))
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
2.5
 
 
80
54
 
 
2.5
 
 
80
53
 
 
3.8
 
 
81
54
 
 
7.2
 
 
82
57
 
 
9.5
 
 
83
60
 
 
5
 
 
85
61
 
 
6
 
 
85
61
 
 
8.4
 
 
85
61
 
 
13
 
 
85
61
 
 
11
 
 
84
60
 
 
6.7
 
 
82
59
 
 
3.2
 
 
80
56
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Source: [35]
Metric conversion
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
64
 
 
26
12
 
 
64
 
 
27
12
 
 
96
 
 
27
12
 
 
184
 
 
28
14
 
 
242
 
 
28
15
 
 
127
 
 
29
16
 
 
152
 
 
29
16
 
 
212
 
 
30
16
 
 
318
 
 
29
16
 
 
290
 
 
29
15
 
 
170
 
 
28
15
 
 
81
 
 
27
13
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm

Adjuntas features a tropical rainforest climate that borders on a subtropical highland climate. While the town technically features a tropical rainforest climate, due to its high elevation, the climate is noticeably cooler than the norm for this climate category. Summers are warm (83°-85 °F) in the daytime and mild at nighttime (60°-63 °F). Meanwhile, winters are moderately warm with cool temperatures at night. During daytime, high temperatures are around 79 °F (26 °C) in the town and 68 °F (20 °C) in the nearby mountains. Winter night temperatures are between in the 55 °F (13 °C) and 60 °F (16 °C) range, but after cold fronts temperatures can drop down to 45 °F (7 °C).[4] Adjuntas' summer climate is comparable to higher altitude locations near the equator (albeit with warmer winters), such as Medellin, while its winters are comparable to higher latitude locations at the limit of the tropics such as West Palm Beach.

Climate data for Adjuntas, Puerto Rico (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1970–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 89
(32) 		92
(33) 		90
(32) 		93
(34) 		93
(34) 		92
(33) 		92
(33) 		92
(33) 		91
(33) 		91
(33) 		93
(34) 		88
(31) 		93
(34)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 79.3
(26.3) 		79.8
(26.6) 		80.2
(26.8) 		81.4
(27.4) 		82.6
(28.1) 		84.6
(29.2) 		84.9
(29.4) 		85.1
(29.5) 		84.8
(29.3) 		84.0
(28.9) 		82.0
(27.8) 		79.9
(26.6) 		82.4
(28.0)
Daily mean °F (°C) 67.9
(19.9) 		67.7
(19.8) 		68.5
(20.3) 		70.3
(21.3) 		72.3
(22.4) 		74.0
(23.3) 		74.1
(23.4) 		74.4
(23.6) 		74.0
(23.3) 		73.3
(22.9) 		71.6
(22.0) 		69.1
(20.6) 		71.4
(21.9)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 56.6
(13.7) 		55.6
(13.1) 		58.7
(14.8) 		59.2
(15.1) 		62.0
(16.7) 		63.3
(17.4) 		63.2
(17.3) 		63.6
(17.6) 		63.3
(17.4) 		62.6
(17.0) 		61.2
(16.2) 		58.3
(14.6) 		60.5
(15.8)
Record low °F (°C) 41
(5) 		43
(6) 		40
(4) 		46
(8) 		47
(8) 		50
(10) 		51
(11) 		52
(11) 		46
(8) 		48
(9) 		42
(6) 		40
(4) 		40
(4)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.62
(67) 		2.58
(66) 		4.44
(113) 		7.23
(184) 		9.88
(251) 		4.57
(116) 		5.74
(146) 		9.08
(231) 		12.94
(329) 		10.85
(276) 		6.68
(170) 		3.59
(91) 		80.20
(2,037)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 13.8 12.1 12.9 15.8 17.3 12.4 15.4 17.6 20.1 19.6 18.5 15.7 191.2
Source: NOAA[36][37]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
190019,484—
191016,954−13.0%
192017,9886.1%
193018,0750.5%
194022,55624.8%
195022,424−0.6%
196019,658−12.3%
197018,691−4.9%
198018,7860.5%
199019,4513.5%
200019,143−1.6%
201019,4831.8%
202018,020−7.5%
U.S. Decennial Census[38]
1899 (shown as 1900)[39] 1910–1930[40]
1930–1950[41] 1960–2000[42] 2010[27] 2020[43]
Racial – (self-defined) Adjuntas, Puerto Rico
– 2010 Census[45]
Race Population % of Total
White 18,146 93.1%
Black/African American 603 3.1%
American Indian and
Alaska Native		 68 0.4%
Asian 5 0.0%
Native Hawaiian
Pacific Islander		 1 0.0%
Some other race 411 2.1%
Two or more races 249 1.3%

In 2020, Adjuntas had a population of 18,020.[46][47]

80% of the per capita income of Adjuntas is a product of agriculture. In 2010, unemployment hit 20.2%. According to mayor, Jaime Barlucea, it decreased to 18.7 in 2011. However, according to the Department of Employment of Puerto Rico, it increased to 21.3.[48]

The municipality of Adjuntas previously formed the Adjuntas Micropolitan Statistical Area, and it has been included in the Ponce Metropolitan Statistical Area since the 2020 US Census.[49]

Special Communities

[edit]
See also: Puerto Rico Office for Socioeconomic and Community Development

Comunidades Especiales de Puerto Rico (Special Communities of Puerto Rico) are marginalized communities whose citizens are experiencing a certain amount of social exclusion. A map shows these communities occur in nearly every municipality of the commonwealth. Of the 742 places that were on the list in 2014, the following barrios, communities, sectors, or neighborhoods were in Adjuntas: Acueducto neighborhood, Calle del Agua, Guayo barrio, Rullán neighborhood, Saltillo Vaca, Tanamá barrio, and Yahuecas barrio.[50]

Economy

[edit]

Agriculture

[edit]
A coffee and banana farm in Adjuntas

Since its foundation in the 19th century, the production of coffee, sugarcane, small fruits, and cattle have formed the foundation of the economy of Adjuntas. During the middle of the 20th century, however, the production of sugar declined with the arrival of manufacturing industries.[8]

Adjuntas is still the main producer of coffee on the island.[51][52][48] Other products produced in Adjuntas are tropical crops such as bananas, citron and peaches.

After the economic hardships caused by Hurricane Maria in 2017, some economic gains were being made by a number of women working in agriculture in Adjuntas.[53]

Industry

[edit]

During the middle of the 20th century, some manufacturing industries established themselves in town as part of Operation Bootstrap. However, as of 2012, most of them have already closed. One of the last manufacturing companies in town, a military uniforms company, closed in March 2012.[54]

Tourism

[edit]

Although tourism hasn't been an integral part of the economy of Adjuntas, according to historic records, it has been present since the 19th century. Historian Lidio Cruz Monclóva noted that around 1871, some doctors requested patients to travel to Adjuntas to stay in a hotel called "La Adjunteña". The hotel was the property of C.L. Ginestre, and served both tourists and the sick. Cruz noted that doctors believed the colder temperatures of the town were beneficial to health.[55]

Castillo de los Niños

In 2018, Adjuntas received approximately 700 tourists on weekends, according to mayor Jaime Barlucea.[54] Most of them want to visit the haciendas established there during past centuries. Some of them are: Hacienda Don Juan,[6] Hacienda Bareal, Hacienda El Muerto, Hacienda Arbela, and Hacienda Pietri. Other landmarks are Monte Guilarte, and the Inabón waterfall.

Another known tourist stop in Adjuntas is Casa Pueblo, a local museum and cultural institution founded by a group of activists that fought against the copper mine exploitation of the area for decades. Casa Pueblo is responsible for many environmental projects, namely the preservation of hundreds of acres of woods and bodies of water.

However, some residents and businesspeople from Adjuntas maintain that the government has not taken advantage of the many tourist attractions in town, which include three forests, waterfalls, lakes, and many renowned restaurants.[54] One of the projects that has received media coverage is the Castillo de los Niños, built during the mayoralty of Barlucea. Castillo de los Niños is a recreational park resembling a castle, with gazebos.[56][57]

Villa Sotomayor is a parador, featuring ecotourism. Villa Sotomayor features food prepared with local ingredients, from a nearby estate Hacienda Nur.[6]

In early 2021, in alliance with neighboring Lares, Adjuntas launched agri-tourism for tourists to visit haciendas where coffee is grown and processed.[52]

There are two places in Adjuntas recognized for their historic significance: Las Cabañas Bridge, a one-lane bridge made of steel and concrete, which was built in 1919,[58] and Quinta Vendrell, a country house built in 1918.[59] The Washington Irving Grade School was also added to the US National Register of Historic Places in 2015.[60]

To stimulate local tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico, the Puerto Rico Tourism Company launched the Voy Turistiendo (I'm Touring) campaign in 2021. The campaign featured a passport book with a page for each municipality. The Voy Turisteando Adjuntas passport page lists the Hacienda Tres Angeles (for agritourism), the Bosque Guilarte, and Lago Garza as places of interest for locals.[61]

Human resources

[edit]

Education

[edit]

In all of the island's municipalities, public education is overseen by the Puerto Rico Department of Education. When Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became a territory of the United States, there were already six public schools established in Adjuntas. Historian Cayetano Coll y Toste offered a detailed account of each of them, including the number of students, which at the time totaled 402.[62]

As of 2018–2019 the following public schools were operational in Adjuntas:[63][64]

  • Domingo Massol is a rural, elementary school located in Saltillo barrio, offering grades K – 6 with about 114 students.
  • Domingo Pietri Ruiz is an urban, elementary school offering K – 3 grades with about 425 students.
  • Rafael Aparicio Jimenez is an urban, intermediate school offering grades 7 – 9 with about 385 students.[65]
  • Hector I Rivera is a rural school located in Yahuecas barrio, offering K – 8 with about 240 students.
  • Jose Emilio Lugo is an urban, high school located in Urbanización Cerros, offering grades 10 – 12 with over 600 students.
  • Jose B. Barcelo Oliver is a rural school for adults located in Saltillo barrio.

Public health

[edit]

Although there are no hospitals in Adjuntas, the town does have a small treatment and diagnostic center located in Adjuntas Pueblo. Also, Castañer Hospital, which is located on the border between Adjuntas, Lares, and Maricao, offers services to the municipality.[66]

Public safety

[edit]

According to sources, there has not been a murder in Adjuntas since 2009.[48] However, burglary and theft have increased. Some residents attribute the rise in crime to unemployment and the lack of activities for the youth.[54]

Culture

[edit]

Festivals and events

[edit]

Adjuntas celebrates its patron saint festival in late July / early August. The Fiestas Patronales de San Joaquin & Santa Ana is a religious and cultural celebration in honor of Saint Joachim and Saint Anne. The festival generally features parades, games, artisans, amusement rides, regional food, and live entertainment.[8]

Other festivals and events celebrated in Adjuntas include: [67]

  • Festival del Frío – February / March[68]
  • El Gigante Marathon – July
  • Cidra Festival – August
  • Feria Agrícola del Gigante Dormido – August[69]
  • Eduardo Vera Marathon – December
  • Troubadour Contest – December
  • Fiesta Del Acabe Del Café – December[70]
  • Businesswomen from the Mountain Market (Mercado de Mujeres Empresarias de La Montaña) once a month[71]

Sports

[edit]

The town has a professional volleyball team called Gigantes de Adjuntas that plays on the LVSM in Puerto Rico.[72][73]

Transportation

[edit]
The Ponce–Adjuntas Road (PR-123) c. 1920

In 1874, General José Laureano Sanz, Governor of Puerto Rico, sponsored a road from Ponce to Arecibo, going across Adjuntas and Utuado. In 1885, it is believed that the road was under construction.[74]

Nowadays, the main road to Adjuntas is PR-10, that connects the cities of Ponce in the south and Arecibo in the north, going across Adjuntas in the center. Before the PR-10 was built, roads like the PR-123, and other small roads were used to reach town.

There is also a small airport in Adjuntas that caters to private airplanes.[75]

Adjuntas has 30 bridges.[76] Built in 1919, Las Cabañas Bridge, made of steel and concrete is a one-lane, historic bridge which remains in operation.[58]

Government

[edit]
Central Square in Adjuntas barrio-pueblo
Main article: Mayoralty in Puerto Rico

All municipalities in Puerto Rico are administered by a mayor, elected every four years. As of 2021, the mayor of Adjuntas is José Hiram Soto Rivera, of the Popular Democratic Party (PPD).[77] The mayor before him was Jaime Barlucea.[78] Barlucea has been reelected three times since (2008, 2012, and 2016).[79]

The city belongs to the Puerto Rico Senatorial district V, which is represented by two senators. In 2016, Luis A. Berdiel Rivera and Nelson Cruz, from the New Progressive Party, were elected as district senators.[80]

Symbols

[edit]

The municipio has an official flag and coat of arms.[81]

Coat of arms of Adjuntas

Coat of Arms

[edit]

The coat of arms of Adjuntas is divided in two. The left side features a shepherd's staff crossed with a yarnwinder in a purple field. They symbolize the Old Testament patriarchs, representing Saint Joachim and Saint Anne, parents of the Virgin Mary. An eight-pointed star sits above them representing the Virgin.[82]

The right side of the coat of arms is divided in three fields. The upper and lower field have green crosses in white fields. The crosses, known as "flory or fleury" are also present in the symbols of Coamo, because of the relationship between both towns. Two bells lie in the middle field, also a representation of the name of "Adjuntas".

Two coffee branches surround the coat of arms, representing Adjuntas location and its importance in the coffee industry of the island. The castle at the top represents the title of village given to Adjuntas by Spain in 1894.[83]

Flag

[edit]

The flag of Adjuntas has similar symbolisms. A white diagonal stripe divides the flag in two triangles. The upper one is purple, while the lower one is green. In the middle of each triangle lies a white "cross fleury". The white color symbolizes purity, while purple represents Saint Joachim's cloth and green the nature of the town.[83]

Anthem

[edit]

The anthem of Adjuntas was written by José Nieves Pérez and is called "Adjuntas, mi amor".[84]

Nicknames

[edit]

Adjuntas has several nicknames. One is "La ciudad del gigante dormido" ("The city of the sleeping giant"). This is a reference to one of the mountains of the city, which is compared to a "sleeping giant".[85] Another nickname is "La Suiza de Puerto Rico" ("The Switzerland of Puerto Rico") which is a reference to Adjuntas' relatively low temperatures. Adjuntas has an average yearly weather of 70 degrees Fahrenheit.[4] Finally, Adjuntas is also called "La tierra de lagos" ("The land of lakes") because of its many lakes.[86]

Notable Adjunteños

[edit]

Among the notable Adjunteños are the following:

  • Aristides A. Moll Boscana – Poet, writer, translator and politician. He was the first Puerto Rican to write a complete modernista poetry book: Mi misa rosa (1905).[87] In United States he worked as a technical writer for the federal government, as a translator of the first Spanish-language edition of the Journal of the American Medical Association, and as Secretary of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau in Washington, DC, where he edited the Latin American edition of its bulletin. He participated of many Latin American public health conferences, the first World Health Organization conference in Paris, France, and represented El Salvador during the WHO constitutional conference in New York. He wrote many public health related essays and prepared two bilingual (Spanish – English) medical dictionaries and a Spanish medical manual for physicians. He published Æsculapius in Latin America, (a History of Medicine in the Americas).
  • César Luis González – The first Puerto Rican pilot in the United States Army Air Forces and the first Puerto Rican pilot to die in World War II. His name is listed on the "Roll of Honor" of the 314th Troop Carrier Group World War II[88] and Adjuntas has honored his memory by naming a street, Calle Cesar González, after him.
  • Norman Maldonado – One of Puerto Rico's leading hematologists and former president of the University of Puerto Rico.[89]
  • Ismael Alicea – Librarian who worked at the New York Public Library for many years.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Adjuntas, Puerto Rico
  2. ^ "Puerto Rico: 2020 Census". The United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
  3. ^ a b "Map of Adjuntas at the Wayback Machine" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 17, 2015. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
  4. ^ a b c d "Adjuntas Normals". srh.noaa.gov. Archived from the original on January 12, 2016. Retrieved November 19, 2015.
  5. ^ "Se siente el frío navideño en la montaña". El Nuevo Dia (in Spanish). December 18, 2018. Archived from the original on December 18, 2018. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  6. ^ a b c "Gigante seducción en Adjuntas". Primera Hora (in Spanish). December 3, 2018. Archived from the original on July 19, 2020. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
  7. ^ "Adjuntas – El Origen del Nombre". AdjuntasPR.com (in Spanish). Retrieved October 7, 2021.
  8. ^ a b c d "Adjuntas Municipality". enciclopediapr.org. Fundación Puertorriqueña de las Humanidades (FPH). Archived from the original on January 6, 2019. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
  9. ^ Orígenes y Fundación Archived May 23, 2012, at the Wayback Machine on Historia de Adjuntas
  10. ^ Cordeiro-Rosa, Débora (2010). "¿Judíos boricuas? La presencia judía en Puerto Rico y su literatura".
  11. ^ Coffee Growers Try to Revive a Toast of Cafe Society. Archived December 26, 2018, at the Wayback Machine Abby Goodnough. The New York Times. (A version of this article appears in [The New York Times print version] on July 24, 2005, with the headline: "Adjuntas Journal; Coffee Growers Try to Revive a Toast of Cafe Society.") July 24, 2005. Accessed December 25, 2018.
  12. ^ El Impacto de la Real Cédula de Gracia en Adjuntas en 1815 Archived September 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine on Interamerican University of Puerto Rico; Martínez Román, José A.
  13. ^ Roosevelt in Puerto Rico Archived July 26, 2013, at the Wayback Machine on Historia de Adjuntas
  14. ^ "Casa Pueblo". Casa Pueblo • Puerto Rico. Archived from the original on December 7, 2014. Retrieved December 5, 2014.
  15. ^ Bauzá, Nydia (October 27, 2014). "Legislatura aprobará proyecto del Bosque Modelo esta semana". El Nuevo Día. Archived from the original on December 25, 2014. Retrieved December 5, 2014.
  16. ^ "Inauguran la Escuela Bosque en Adjuntas". El Nuevo Día. August 17, 2013. Archived from the original on December 25, 2014. Retrieved December 5, 2014.
  17. ^ "Ricos en Oro, Adjuntas y Utuado". AdjuntasPR.com (in Spanish). May 25, 2014. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  18. ^ "Preliminary Locations of Landslide Impacts from Hurricane Maria, Puerto Rico". USGS Landslide Hazards Program. USGS. Archived from the original on March 3, 2019. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
  19. ^ "Preliminary Locations of Landslide Impacts from Hurricane Maria, Puerto Rico" (PDF). USGS Landslide Hazards Program. USGS. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 3, 2019. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
  20. ^ "María, un nombre que no vamos a olvidar – Adjuntas" [Maria, a name we will never forget – Adjuntas]. El Nuevo Día (in Spanish). June 13, 2019. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
  21. ^ "Sismo de magnitud 6,0 sacude Puerto Rico". CNN (in Spanish). January 11, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2022.
  22. ^ "Gigante Dormido – Leyenda". AdjuntasPR.com (in Spanish). June 11, 2014. Retrieved September 18, 2021.
  23. ^ "Pasajes Históricos del Siglo XIX". Historia de Adjuntas. Archived from the original on July 26, 2013. Retrieved May 13, 2012.
  24. ^ Calvo Almodóvar, Damarich M. (July 15, 2009). "En las entrañas de la Cordillera Central". La Perla del Sur. p. 22. Archived from the original on May 29, 2012. Retrieved November 2, 2011.
  25. ^ "Río de la Ciénaga". GNIS. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  26. ^ "Las 1,200 playas de Puerto Rico [The 1200 beaches of Puerto Rico]". Primera Hora (in Spanish). April 14, 2017. Archived from the original on December 12, 2019. Retrieved December 12, 2019.
  27. ^ a b Puerto Rico:2010:population and housing unit counts.pdf (PDF). U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau. 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved February 10, 2019.
  28. ^ Picó, Rafael; Buitrago de Santiago, Zayda; Berrios, Hector H. (1969). Nueva geografía de Puerto Rico: física, económica, y social, por Rafael Picó. Con la colaboración de Zayda Buitrago de Santiago y Héctor H. Berrios. San Juan Editorial Universitaria, Universidad de Puerto Rico,1969. Archived from the original on December 26, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2019.
  29. ^ Gwillim Law (May 20, 2015). Administrative Subdivisions of Countries: A Comprehensive World Reference, 1900 through 1998. McFarland. p. 300. ISBN 978-1-4766-0447-3. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
  30. ^ a b "US Census Barrio-Pueblo definition". factfinder.com. US Census. Archived from the original on May 13, 2017. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
  31. ^ "P.L. 94-171 VTD/SLD Reference Map (2010 Census): Adjuntas Municipio, PR" (PDF). www2.census.gov. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 22, 2020. Retrieved August 22, 2020.
  32. ^ "Agencia: Oficina del Coordinador General para el Financiamiento Socioeconómico y la Autogestión (Proposed 2016 Budget)". Puerto Rico Budgets (in Spanish). Archived from the original on June 28, 2019. Retrieved June 28, 2019.
  33. ^ Rivera Quintero, Marcia (2014), El vuelo de la esperanza: Proyecto de las Comunidades Especiales Puerto Rico, 1997–2004 (first ed.), San Juan, Puerto Rico Fundación Sila M. Calderón, ISBN 978-0-9820806-1-0
  34. ^ "Leyes del 2001". Lex Juris Puerto Rico (in Spanish). Archived from the original on September 14, 2018. Retrieved June 24, 2020.
  35. ^ "Adjuntas Normals". San Juan, PR: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office. Archived from the original on May 12, 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
  36. ^ "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  37. ^ "Station: Adjuntas SUBSTN, PR PQ". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  38. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on April 26, 2015. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  39. ^ "Report of the Census of Porto Rico 1899". War Department, Office Director Census of Porto Rico. Archived from the original on July 16, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  40. ^ "Table 3-Population of Municipalities: 1930, 1920, and 1910" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 17, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  41. ^ "Table 4-Area and Population of Municipalities, Urban and Rural: 1930 to 1950" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 30, 2015. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
  42. ^ "Table 2 Population and Housing Units: 1960 to 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 24, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  43. ^ "PUERTO RICO: 2020 Census". The United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
  44. ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 27, 1996. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  45. ^ "American FactFinder – Results | U.S. Census Bureau". factfinder2.census.gov. Retrieved November 19, 2015.[dead link‍]
  46. ^ Población de Puerto Rico por Municipios Archived July 26, 2013, at the Wayback Machine on CEEPUR
  47. ^ Censo 2010 Archived June 3, 2012, at the Wayback Machine on ElectionsPuertoRico
  48. ^ a b c "Radiografía 2012 – Adjuntas". El Nuevo Día. Archived from the original on April 29, 2012. Retrieved May 11, 2012.
  49. ^ Office of Management and Budget, Population Division (2020). "Puerto Rico: 2020 Core Based Statistical Areas and Counties" (PDF).
  50. ^ Rivera Quintero, Marcia (2014), El vuelo de la esperanza:Proyecto de las Comunidades Especiales Puerto Rico, 1997–2004 (Primera edición ed.), San Juan, Puerto Rico Fundación Sila M. Calderón, p. 273, ISBN 978-0-9820806-1-0
  51. ^ Vázquez Colón, Brenda A. (December 22, 2020). "Nuevo entretenimiento para los amantes del café". El Vocero de Puerto Rico (in Spanish). Retrieved January 14, 2021.
  52. ^ a b Fragoso, Angelique (January 12, 2021). "Crean Tour del Café como una alianza agrícola entre tres haciendas en Adjuntas y Lares". La Perla del Sur (in Spanish). Retrieved January 14, 2021.
  53. ^ Diaz Torres, Rafael. "A place for women to grow food, build a business, and learn". Oxfam. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
  54. ^ a b c d Ruíz Kuilan, Gloria (2012). "Dormida la economía de Adjuntas". El Nuevo Día. Archived from the original on April 29, 2012. Retrieved May 11, 2012.
  55. ^ "Pasajes Históricos del Siglo XIX – Turismo". Historia de Adjuntas. Archived from the original on July 26, 2013. Retrieved May 13, 2012.
  56. ^ Castillo de los Niños en Adjuntas Archived March 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine on NotasBreves
  57. ^ Adjuntas contará con su propio castillo infantil Archived July 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine on Primera Hora
  58. ^ a b "Patrimonio Volumen IV". Issuu (in Spanish). August 23, 2018. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
  59. ^ "Puerto Rico: Registro Nacional de Lugares Históricos" (PDF). geoisla.com. Government of Puerto Rico. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
  60. ^ "NPGallery Asset Detail". npgallery.nps.gov. Retrieved October 14, 2021.
  61. ^ Pasaporte: Voy Turisteando (in Spanish). Compañia de Turismo de Puerto Rico. 2021.
  62. ^ "Adjuntas – Educación antes del 1898". Historia de Adjuntas. Archived from the original on December 26, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
  63. ^ "Directorio Comprensivo de Escuelas Públicas, Puerto Rico 2018 | Puerto Rico Government Open Data Portal". data.pr.gov. Archived from the original on October 4, 2018. Retrieved March 28, 2020.
  64. ^ "Search for Public Schools". National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) Home Page, a part of the U.S. Department of Education. Archived from the original on April 17, 2020. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
  65. ^ "Puerto Rico schools: Stuck money delays much-needed repairs (VIDEO)". Archived from the original on March 29, 2020. Retrieved March 29, 2020.
  66. ^ "Hospital Castañer". Hospital Castañer. Archived from the original on December 16, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
  67. ^ "Puerto Rico Festivales, Eventos y Actividades en Puerto Rico". Puerto Rico Hoteles y Paradores (in Spanish). Archived from the original on February 26, 2020. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
  68. ^ Digital, La Redacción (February 20, 2017). "Listos para el Festival del Frío en Adjuntas". La Perla del Sur (in Spanish). Archived from the original on April 27, 2020. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
  69. ^ "Feria agrícola del gigante dormido". Voces del Sur (in Spanish). July 31, 2017. Archived from the original on July 18, 2020. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
  70. ^ Alfonso, Omar (December 25, 2019). "Adjuntas retoma su Fiesta del Acabe". La Perla del Sur (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 19, 2020. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
  71. ^ "Mercado De Mujeres Empresarias De La Montaña 2019". Puerto Rico Hoteles y Paradores (in Spanish). November 24, 2019. Archived from the original on July 19, 2020. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
  72. ^ Con vida los Gigantes de Adjuntas on Primera Hora; Ayala Gordián, José (November 22, 2011)
  73. ^ Standing Temporada Regular 2012 Archived June 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine on Federacion Puertorriqueña de Volibol
  74. ^ Pasajes Históricos del Siglo XIX – Sobre Caminos Archived July 26, 2013, at the Wayback Machine on Historia de Adjuntas
  75. ^ Adjuntas Airport Archived December 20, 2013, at the Wayback Machine on Google Maps
  76. ^ "Adjuntas Bridges". National Bridge Inventory Data. US Dept. of Transportation. Archived from the original on February 20, 2019. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
  77. ^ "Jaime Barlucea es derrotado en Adjuntas y asegura que dejará el municipio con "superávit"". El Nuevo Día (in Spanish). November 4, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  78. ^ Elecciones Generales 2004 – Alcalde de Adjuntas Archived November 11, 2012, at the Wayback Machine on CEEPUR.org
  79. ^ Elecciones Generales 2008 – Alcalde de Adjuntas Archived November 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine on CEEPUR
  80. ^ Elecciones Generales 2016: Escrutinio General Archived December 21, 2016, at the Wayback Machine on CEEPUR
  81. ^ "Ley Núm. 70 de 2006 -Ley para disponer la oficialidad de la bandera y el escudo de los setenta y ocho (78) municipios". LexJuris de Puerto Rico (in Spanish). Retrieved June 15, 2021.
  82. ^ "ADJUNTAS". LexJuris (Leyes y Jurisprudencia) de Puerto Rico (in Spanish). February 19, 2020. Archived from the original on February 19, 2020. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  83. ^ a b "Adjuntas – Himno, Bandera y Escudo". adjuntas1.tripod.com. Archived from the original on May 23, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2015.
  84. ^ Adjuntas Archived April 23, 2013, at the Wayback Machine on SalonHogar.com
  85. ^ Adjuntas Archived June 8, 2012, at the Wayback Machine on PRFrogui
  86. ^ "Gigante seducción en Adjuntas". Primera Hora (in Spanish). December 2, 2018. Archived from the original on August 17, 2019. Retrieved August 17, 2019.
  87. ^ Boscana, Arístides Moll (2012). Mi misa rosa. Terranova Editores. ISBN 978-1935163510.
  88. ^ "ROLL OF HONOR of the 314th Troop Carrier Group" (PDF). worldwar2pilots.net. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 25, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2015.
  89. ^ Wintrobe, Maxwell Myer (1985). Hematology, the blossoming of a science: a story of inspiration and effort. Lea & Febiger. p. 236. ISBN 978-0-8121-0961-0. Archived from the original on January 4, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2016.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Mapa de municipios y barrios - Adjuntas - Memoria Núm. 67 (PDF). University of Puerto Rico: Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, Oficina del Gobernador, Junta de Planificacion, Santurce, Puerto Rico. 1955.
  • Mi Pueblo Adjuntas, 1992, by Rafael J. Mirabal-Linares
  • Entre Fotos y Palabras, 2005 by Rafael J. Mirabal-Linares
  • Mi misa rosa, 2013, by Arístides A. Moll Boscana, with a preliminary essay by Ramón Luis Acevedo Marrer
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adjuntas,_Puerto_Rico&oldid=1261154930"