Pennsylvania Turnpike
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 Pennsylvania Turnpike | ||||||||||
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 Pennsylvania Turnpike mainline highlighted in green | ||||||||||
| Route information | ||||||||||
| Maintained by PTC | ||||||||||
| Length | 360.09 mi[4] (579.51 km) | |||||||||
| Existed | October 1, 1940[1][2]–present | |||||||||
| History | Section to Upper Merion Township completed on November 20, 1950, section to the Ohio State line completed December 1, 1954, section to the New Jersey state line completed on May 23, 1956;[3] Current road at Laurel Hill opened on October 30, 1964; current road at the Sideling Hill and Rays Hill opened November 26, 1968 | |||||||||
| Component highways |
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| Restrictions | No hazardous goods allowed in tunnels | |||||||||
| Major junctions | ||||||||||
| West end |
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| North end |
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| Location | ||||||||||
| Country | United States | |||||||||
| State | Pennsylvania | |||||||||
| Counties | Lawrence, Beaver, Butler, Allegheny, Westmoreland, Somerset, Bedford, Fulton, Huntingdon, Franklin, Cumberland, York, Dauphin, Lebanon, Lancaster, Berks, Chester, Montgomery, Bucks | |||||||||
| Highway system | ||||||||||
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| Designated | 1990[5] | |||||||||
The Pennsylvania Turnpike, sometimes shortened to Penna Turnpike or PA Turnpike, is a controlled-access toll road which is operated by the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission (PTC) in Pennsylvania. It runs for 360 miles (580 km) across the state, connecting Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, and passes through four tunnels as it crosses the Appalachian Mountains. A component of the Interstate Highway System, it is part of Interstate 76 (I-76) between the Ohio state line and Valley Forge. I-70 runs concurrently with I-76 between New Stanton and Breezewood, Interstate 276 (I-276) between Valley Forge and Bristol Township, and I-95 from Bristol Township to the New Jersey state line.
The turnpike's western terminus is at the Ohio state line in Lawrence County, where it continues west as the Ohio Turnpike. The eastern terminus is the New Jersey state line at the Delaware River–Turnpike Toll Bridge, which crosses the Delaware River in Bucks County. It continues east as the Pearl Harbor Memorial Extension of the New Jersey Turnpike. The turnpike has an all-electronic tolling system; tolls may be paid using E-ZPass or toll by plate, which uses automatic license plate recognition. Cash tolls were collected with a ticket and barrier toll system before they were phased out between 2016 and 2020. The turnpike currently has 15 service plazas, providing food and fuel to travelers.
The road was designed during the 1930s to improve automobile transportation across the Pennsylvania mountains, using seven tunnels built for the South Pennsylvania Railroad in the 1880s. It opened in 1940 between Irwin and Carlisle. The turnpike, an early long-distance limited-access U.S. highway, was a model for future limited-access toll roads and the Interstate Highway System. It was extended east to Valley Forge in 1950 and west to the Ohio state line in 1951. The road was extended east to the Delaware River in 1954, and construction began on its Northeast Extension. The mainline turnpike was finished in 1956 with the completion of the Delaware River Bridge.
From 1962 to 1971, an additional tube was built at four of the two-lane tunnels, with two cuts built to replace the three others; this made the entirety of the road four lanes wide. Improvements continue to be made: rebuilding to meet modern standards, widening portions to six lanes, and construction or reconstruction of interchanges.
Route description
[edit]The turnpike runs east to west across Pennsylvania, from the Ohio state line in Lawrence County east to the New Jersey state line in Bucks County. It passes through the Pittsburgh, Harrisburg, and Philadelphia areas, farmland and woodland. The highway crosses the Appalachian Mountains in central Pennsylvania, passing through four tunnels. The PTC, created in 1937 to construct, finance, operate, and maintain the road, controls the highway.[6] The turnpike had 2015 annual average daily traffic ranging from a high of 120,000 vehicles (between the Norristown interchange and I-476) to a low of 12,000, between the Ohio state line and the interchange with I-79 and U.S. Route 19.[7]
It is part of the National Highway System,[8] a network of roads important to the U.S. economy, defense, and mobility.[9] The turnpike is a Blue Star Memorial Highway, honoring those who have served in the United States Armed Forces, and the Garden Club Federation of Pennsylvania has placed Blue Star Memorial Highway markers at its service plazas.[10][11] In addition to the east–west mainline, the PTC also operates the Northeast Extension (I-476), the Beaver Valley Expressway (I-376), the Mon–Fayette Expressway (PA 43), the Amos K. Hutchinson Bypass (PA 66), and the Southern Beltway (PA 576).[12]
Western Extension
[edit]
The turnpike begins at the Ohio state line in Lawrence County, where it continues west as the Ohio Turnpike. From the state line, the highway heads southeast as a four-lane freeway (I-76) through rural areas south of New Castle. A short distance from the Ohio line, the eastbound lanes pass the electronic Gateway toll gantry. The highway then reaches Beaver County and the first interchange with I-376 (the Beaver Valley Expressway) in Big Beaver.[13][14][15]
It then passes under Norfolk Southern's Koppel Secondary rail line before the exit for PA 18 near Homewood, crossing CSX's Pittsburgh Subdivision rail line, the Beaver River, and Norfolk Southern's Youngstown Line on the Beaver River Bridge.[6][13][14] The road enters Butler County and Cranberry Township,[15] where an interchange accesses I-79 and US 19. It continues through rural land and suburban development north of Pittsburgh into Allegheny County.[14][15]
The turnpike approaches the Warrendale toll gantry (where the closed toll system begins) and continues southeast, passing over the CSX P&W Subdivision rail line operated by the Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad to an interchange with PA 8 in Hampton Township. The Allegheny Valley exit in Harmar Township accesses PA 28 via Freeport Road.[13][14] The road then heads south, with Canadian National's Bessemer Subdivision rail line parallel on the east, before crossing Norfolk Southern's Conemaugh Line, the Allegheny River, and the Allegheny Valley Railroad's Allegheny Subdivision line on the six-lane Allegheny River Turnpike Bridge.[13][14][16]
It returns to four lanes after the river crossing, passing through the Oakmont Country Club before a bridge over Canadian National's Bessemer Subdivision; rail tracks parallel the west side of the road before splitting further west. The highway heads southeast to Monroeville, an eastern suburb of Pittsburgh; an interchange with the eastern terminus of I-376 and US 22 (the Penn–Lincoln Parkway) accesses Pittsburgh.[13][14] It traverses eastern Allegheny County before entering Westmoreland County.[14][15] The turnpike then heads south and passes over Norfolk Southern's Pittsburgh Line before the exit for US 30 near Irwin.[13][14]
Original mainline
[edit]After the Irwin interchange, the turnpike widens to six lanes and heads into rural areas west of Greensburg. Curving southeast, it reaches New Stanton and an interchange for I-70, US 119, and the southern terminus of PA 66 (Amos K. Hutchinson Bypass). The road returns to four lanes there, and I-70 is concurrent with I-76. After New Stanton it passes over the Southwest Pennsylvania Railroad's Radebaugh Subdivision line and winds southeast to the exit for PA 31 in Donegal, which accesses PA 711.[13][14] East of Donegal, the turnpike crosses the Laurel Hill cut, and soon after enters Somerset County.[14][15]
It continues southeast to Somerset and an interchange with PA 601 accessing US 219 and Johnstown before crossing CSX's S&C Subdivision rail line. East of Somerset, the highway passes north of the Somerset Wind Farm before reaching Allegheny Mountain[13][14] and its tunnel.[6][13][14] The turnpike then winds down the mountain at a three-percent grade (its steepest)[14][17][18] into Bedford County through a valley.[15] In Bedford, an exit for US 220 Business (US 220 Bus.) accesses US 220, the southern terminus of I-99, and Altoona.[13][14]
It passes through the Narrows, a 650-foot-wide (200 m) gap in Evitts Mountain east of Bedford, with US 30 and the Raystown Branch Juniata River.[14][17] The turnpike winds through a valley south of the river before traversing Clear Ridge Cut near Everett.[13][14][19] In Breezewood, I-70 leaves the turnpike at an interchange with US 30 with some of the only traffic lights on an interstate highway.[13][14]
The turnpike then heads northeast across Rays Hill into Fulton County,[14][15] continuing east across Sideling Hill to an interchange with US 522 in Fort Littleton and paralleling US 522 before curving east into Huntingdon County.[14][15] It goes under Tuscarora Mountain through a tunnel into Franklin County,[6][14][15] curving northeast into a valley to the PA 75 exit in Willow Hill.[13][14]
The road then passes under Kittatinny Mountain through the Kittatinny Mountain Tunnel before entering the tunnel under Blue Mountain.[6][13][14] The turnpike heads northeast along the base of Blue Mountain to an exit for PA 997[13][14] and enters Cumberland County, heading east through the Cumberland Valley on a stretch known as "the straightaway".[14][15][20] It then reaches Carlisle and an interchange with US 11, accessing I-81.[13][14]
Philadelphia Extension
[edit]_just_west_of_Exit_320_in_Charlestown_Township,_Chester_County,_Pennsylvania.jpg)
The turnpike heads east through a mixture of rural land and suburban development approaching Harrisburg, passing over Norfolk Southern's Shippensburg Secondary rail line. In Upper Allen Township, the US 15 interchange accesses Gettysburg on the south and Harrisburg on the north. The road passes over Norfolk Southern's Lurgan Branch rail line before entering York County and the interchange with I-83 serving Harrisburg, its western suburbs, and York on the south.[13][14][15]
East of I-83, the turnpike widens to six lanes and crosses over Norfolk Southern's Port Road Branch rail line, the Susquehanna River, Amtrak's Keystone Corridor rail line, and Norfolk Southern's Royalton Branch rail line on the Susquehanna River Bridge. In Dauphin County, the road is a bypass south of Harrisburg.[14][15][21]
An interchange with the southern end of I-283 and the western end of PA 283 serves Harrisburg and its eastern suburbs in Lower Swatara Township; PTC headquarters are adjacent to the interchange. The road returns to four lanes through suburban development north of Middletown, passing over the Middletown and Hummelstown Railroad and Swatara Creek into rural areas.[13][14] and crossing a corner of Lebanon County before entering Lancaster County.[15]
The highway passes through Pennsylvania Dutch Country[22] to an interchange with PA 72, accessing Lebanon on the north and Lancaster on the south. It passes over an East Penn Railroad line in Denver before an indirect interchange with US 222, which serves Reading and Lancaster. The route continues into Berks County to an interchange with the southern terminus of I-176 (a freeway to Reading) and PA 10 in Morgantown which accesses PA 23.[13][14][15]
The turnpike enters Chester County, running southeast[13][14][15] to an exit for PA 100 north of Downingtown and the western suburbs of Philadelphia; an interchange with PA 29 is near Malvern.[13][14] In Montgomery County is the Valley Forge interchange in King of Prussia, where I-76 splits from the turnpike and heads southeast as the Schuylkill Expressway toward Philadelphia; this interchange accesses US 202 and US 422.[13][14][15]
Delaware River Extension
[edit] Interstate 276 | |
|---|---|
| Location | Upper Merion Township–Bristol Township |
| Length | 29.78 mi[23] (47.93 km) |
| Existed | 1964–present |
_just_east_of_Interstate_476_(Pennsylvania_Turnpike_Northeast_Extension)_in_Whitemarsh_Township,_Montgomery_County,_Pennsylvania.jpg)
At the Valley Forge interchange, the turnpike is designated I-276 and becomes a six-lane suburban commuter highway.[13][14][24] It crosses a bridge over SEPTA's Norristown High Speed Line and runs parallel to Norfolk Southern's Dale Secondary rail line, south of the road. The turnpike crosses Norfolk Southern's Harrisburg Line, the Schuylkill River, and SEPTA's Manayunk/Norristown Line on the Schuylkill River Bridge near Norristown. The road crosses the Schuylkill River Trail and Norfolk Southern's Morrisville Connecting Track on the Schuylkill River Bridge before the parallel Dale Secondary rail line runs south.[6][13][14]
In Plymouth Meeting, an interchange with Germantown Pike accesses Norristown before the Mid-County Interchange. This interchange connects to I-476, which runs south as the Mid-County Expressway (locally known as the Blue Route) and north as the Northeast Extension connecting the mainline to the Lehigh Valley and the Pocono Mountains.[13][14]
After the Mid-County Interchange, the mainline runs east through Philadelphia's northern suburbs. In Fort Washington, it passes over SEPTA's Lansdale/Doylestown Line before an interchange with PA 309. The road then parallels Norfolk Southern's Morrisville Line, a short distance south. One mile (1.6 km) later is a westbound exit and entrance for Virginia Drive. In Willow Grove, it reaches the PA 611 exit before crossing SEPTA's Warminster Line.[13][14] The turnpike continues through suburban areas, entering Bucks County and a bridge over Norfolk Southern's Morrisville Line[14][15] before crossing SEPTA's West Trenton Line. In Bensalem Township is a bridge over CSX's Trenton Subdivision rail line before an interchange with US 1, which accesses Philadelphia.[13][14]
The highway returns to four lanes before an eastbound exit and entrance for PA 132. It then reaches the east end of the closed toll system at the Neshaminy Falls toll gantry. The road reaches a partial interchange with I-95, where it crosses under I-295; I-295 access is from the westbound turnpike to southbound I-95 and from northbound I-95 to the eastbound turnpike. At this point, I-276 ends and the turnpike becomes part of I-95; signage indicates the westbound turnpike as a left exit from southbound I-95, using I-95 milepost exit number 40.[13][14]
After joining I-95, the remaining three miles (4.8 km) of road uses I-95's mileposts and exit numbers and is not signed as the Pennsylvania Turnpike (although it is still considered part of the mainline). The turnpike reaches its final interchange, accessing US 13 near Bristol. The road crosses an East Penn Railroad line before the westbound all-electronic Delaware River Bridge toll gantry.[13][14] It crosses the Delaware Canal and Amtrak's Northeast Corridor rail line before crossing the Delaware River into New Jersey on the Delaware River–Turnpike Toll Bridge.[6][13][14] The Pennsylvania Turnpike ends and I-95 continues east (north) as the Pearl Harbor Memorial Extension of the New Jersey Turnpike, which connects to the mainline New Jersey Turnpike.[13][14][25]
Major bridges and tunnels
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The turnpike has several major bridges and tunnels. Four tunnels cross central Pennsylvania's Appalachian Mountains. The 6,070-foot (1,850 m) Allegheny Mountain Tunnel passes under Allegheny Mountain in Somerset County. The Tuscarora Mountain Tunnel runs beneath Tuscarora Mountain at the border of Huntingdon and Franklin counties, and is 5,236 feet (1,596 m) long. The Kittatinny Mountain and Blue Mountain tunnels are adjacent to each other in Franklin County and are 4,727 feet (1,441 m) and 4,339 feet (1,323 m) long, respectively.[6][13] The turnpike had also traveled through the Laurel Hill Tunnel, Sideling Hill Tunnel, and Rays Hill Tunnel; they were replaced during the 1960s, when traffic levels rendered their nonstandard design obsolete.
Five bridges carry the turnpike over major rivers. The 1,545-foot-long (471 m) Beaver River Bridge crosses the Beaver River in Beaver County, which is being replaced.[6][13] The highway crosses the Allegheny River in Allegheny County on the 2,350-foot-long (720 m) Allegheny River Turnpike Bridge, which replaced a 1951 deck truss bridge with the same name.[13][16] It crosses the Susquehanna River between York and Dauphin Counties on the 5,910-foot-long (1,800 m) Susquehanna River Bridge, which also replaced an early-1950s deck truss bridge.[13][21] The turnpike crosses the Schuylkill River on the 1,224-foot-long (373 m) Schuylkill River Bridge in Montgomery County, which was twinned in the 2000s. At the New Jersey state line in Bucks County, the highway is connected to the Pearl Harbor Memorial Extension of the New Jersey Turnpike by the 6,571-foot-long (2,003 m) Delaware River–Turnpike Toll Bridge over the Delaware River.[6][13]
Tolls
[edit]
The turnpike uses all-electronic tolling, with toll by plate (which uses automatic license-plate recognition and mails a bill to the vehicle owner) or E-ZPass. Between the mainline Warrendale and Neshaminy Falls toll plazas and on the Northeast Extension from Mid-County to Wyoming Valley, tolls are based on distance traveled.[26] An eastbound mainline toll gantry is at Gateway (near the Ohio state line), and a westbound mainline toll gantry is at the Delaware River Bridge near the New Jersey state line; both charging a flat toll.[26][27] There is no toll between Gateway and Warrendale, and between Neshaminy Falls and the Delaware River Bridge.[26]
As of 2024[update], it costs $95.50 for a passenger vehicle to travel the length of the mainline turnpike between Warrendale and Neshaminy Falls using toll by plate and $47.30 using E-ZPass; the eastbound Gateway toll gantry charges $15.20 with toll by plate and $7.50 with E-ZPass for passenger vehicles, and the westbound Delaware River Bridge toll gantry charges $9.70 for toll by plate and $7.30 for E-ZPass.[26] The turnpike has raised tolls each January 1 since 2009 to fund mandated Act 44 annual payments to the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT).[28]
The turnpike commission paid PennDOT $450 million annually, of which $200 million went to non-turnpike highway projects and $250 million funded mass transit. As part of Act 89 (signed in 2013), annual payments to PennDOT would end after 2022 – 35 years earlier than the original Act 44 proposal. It was not known if the annual toll increases would continue after 2022. Act 89 redirected the $450 million annual payments to PennDOT to fund mass transit.[29] With the annual rise in tolls, traffic has been shifting from the turnpike to local roads.[30]
Until March 2020, the turnpike used a ticket system between the Warrendale and Neshaminy Falls toll plazas and on the Northeast Extension from Mid-County to Wyoming Valley.[31] Motorists received a ticket listing the toll for each exit; the ticket was surrendered when exiting, and the applicable toll was paid. If the ticket was lost, motorists were charged the maximum toll for that exit.[32] Cash, credit cards, and E-ZPass were accepted at toll plazas.[31]
In 2010, McCormick Taylor and Wilbur Smith Associates were hired to conduct a feasibility study on converting the road to electronic tolls.[33] On March 6, 2012, the turnpike commission announced that it was implementing the plan.[34] The turnpike commission projected that it would save $65 million annually in labor costs by eliminating toll collectors.[35] On January 3, 2016, electronic tolling was introduced at the westbound Delaware River Bridge mainline toll plaza, and the eastern terminus of the ticket system was moved from the Delaware River Bridge to Neshaminy Falls.[36] On October 27, 2019, electronic tolling was implemented at the eastbound Gateway mainline toll plaza.[37] Electronic tolling was originally scheduled to be implemented on the entire length of the turnpike in late 2021.[38]
In March 2020, the switch was made early as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.[39] The electronic tolling system used toll booths at exits until mainline toll gantries between interchanges were built.[38][40] Mainline toll gantries are planned to be in operation by 2025 east of the Reading interchange and by late 2026 on the turnpike's west portion.[41][42] By 2020, about 86 percent of turnpike vehicles used E-ZPass for payment of tolls.[43]
Act 44 increases
[edit]The turnpike commission raised tolls by 25 percent on January 4, 2009, to fund road and mass-transit projects as mandated by Act 44.[28][44] The increase brought the rate to $0.074 per mile ($0.046/km) (equivalent to $0.1 per mile ($0.062/km) in 2023[45]).[46] An annual toll increase was planned.[44]
A three-percent toll increase went into effect on January 3, 2010, bringing the rate to $0.077 per mile ($0.048/km) (equivalent to $0.11/mi ($0.068/km) in 2023[45]).[47][48] The cash toll increased 10 percent on January 2, 2011, and E-ZPass tolls increased three percent.[49] The new toll rate was $0.085 per mile ($0.053/km) (equivalent to $0.11/mi ($0.068/km) in 2023[45]) with cash and $0.079 per mile ($0.049/km) (equivalent to $0.11/mi ($0.068/km) in 2023[45]) with E-ZPass.[45][50]
The turnpike commission initially planned to omit the toll amount from new tickets, and state auditor Jack Wagner wondered if the commission was trying to hide the increase.[49] The commission later decided to include the tolls on new tickets.[33]
Cash tolls increased 10 percent on January 1, 2012, and E-ZPass tolls were unchanged from the previous year.[51] The cash toll rate increased to $0.093 per mile ($0.058/km) (equivalent to $0.12/mi ($0.075/km) in 2023[45]).[52] Tolls for cash and E-ZPass customers increased each January for the next eight years.[53] Tolls will increase five percent in 2025, based on distance traveled as opposed to a flat rate; some drivers will see toll decreases.[54] They are expected to increase annually until at least 2050.[55]
An analysis by Australian insurance company Budget Direct found the Pennsylvania Turnpike the world's most expensive toll road.[56][57] Turnpike spokesperson Carl DeFebo disputed Budget Direct's claim, saying that the analysis looked at all of the turnpike's toll roads together; "Nobody would ever go south towards Pittsburgh, east towards Philadelphia, then north towards Scranton. That's a 400-plus mile trip", and turnpike tolls are comparable to other toll roads on a per-mile basis.[57]
Services
[edit]Emergency assistance and information
[edit]Motorists needing assistance can dial *11 on mobile phones. First-responder service is available to all turnpike users via the GEICO Safety Patrol program. The free program checks for disabled motorists, debris and accidents along the road, and provides assistance 24 hours daily year-round. Each patrol vehicle covers a 20-to-25-mile (32 to 40 km) stretch of the turnpike.[58][59] Towing service is available from authorized service stations near the highway,[60] and Pennsylvania State Police Troop T patrols the turnpike. The troop's headquarters is in Highspire, and its turnpike substations are grouped into two sections. The western section has substations in Gibsonia, New Stanton, Somerset and Everett; the eastern section has mainline substations in Newville, Bowmansville and King of Prussia, and at Pocono on the Northeast Extension.[61] The PTC broadcasts AM road, traffic, and weather conditions from highway advisory radio transmitters at each exit on 1640 kHz, with a range of approximately two miles (3.2 km).[62] The 511PA travel-information service provides alerts, an interactive map, weather information and traffic cameras to motorists, and variable-message signs located along the roadway provide information such as accidents, construction, weather, and traffic congestion.[63]
Service plazas
[edit]
The turnpike has 15 service plazas on the mainline and two on the Northeast Extension. Each plaza has several fast-food restaurants, a Sunoco gas station, and a 7-Eleven convenience store. Other amenities include ATMs, E-ZPass sales, free cellphone charging, Pennsylvania Lottery sales, picnic areas, restrooms, tourist information, Travel Board information centers, and Wi-Fi. The King of Prussia plaza has a welcome center, and the New Stanton and Sideling Hill plazas have seasonal farmers' markets. Several plazas offer E85 fuel, and New Stanton offers compressed natural gas; all have conventional gasoline and diesel fuel. Some plazas have electric vehicle charging stations. The Sunoco and 7-Eleven locations and the Subway at North Midway are operated by 7-Eleven, and the remaining restaurants and general upkeep are operated by Applegreen.[64]
By 1946, a number of service plazas were expanded in order to accommodate booming popularity.[65]
With the opening of the extensions between 1950 and 1954, new service plazas came as well.[65] On them, the service plazas were less frequent, larger, and further from the road.[66] Gulf Oil operated service stations on the extensions, and Howard Johnson's provided food service in sit-down restaurants.[67][68]
In 1955, the South Somerset Service Plaza and North Somerset Service Plaza were both opened, replacing the eastbound only New Baltimore Plaza.[69] Two years later, the eastbound only Laurel Hill Service Plaza, located to the west of the western end of the Laurel Hill Tunnel, was closed.[70] On November 26, 1968, the Sideling Hill Plaza, serveing both westbound and eastbound traffic with a single facility, was opened as part of the Sideling Hill/Rays Hill Bypass, replacing the Cove Valley Travel plaza, which served only westbound traffic and needed to be demolished due to being located on the section of road being closed.[70]
In preparation of the United States Bicentennial, construction was completed in 1976 of a 320 space parking lot at the eastbound only Valley Forge Service Plaza.[71] In 1978, as Howard Johnson's exclusive contract to provide food service was ending, the turnpike commission entertained bids;[72] Aramark was awarded a food-service contract at two plazas.[73] The turnpike was the first toll road in the U.S. to have more than one fast-food chain at its service plazas.[74] Gas stations were operated by Gulf Oil, Exxon, and ARCO.[73]
The Denver, Pleasant Valley, and Mechanicsburg plazas were closed in 1980.[75] That year, Hardee's opened restaurants at the service plazas to compete with Howard Johnson's.[76] The turnpike was the world's first road to offer fast food at its service plazas.[77]
Burger King and McDonald's restaurants opened on the turnpike in June 1983,[74] this was part of a deal that saw the eastbound Path Valley plaza closed, it had seen a gradual loss of revenue since the Sideling Hill plazas opening in 1968. With this, fast food was implemented at the Hempfield Plaza.[78] This reflected increased demands for fast food.[77] Marriott Corporation purchased the remaining Howard Johnson's restaurants in 1987, and restaurants such as Roy Rogers and Bob's Big Boy opened.[79]
In April 1990, Gulf Oil LP replaced the turnpike's Exxon stations.[80]
The Brandywine (later Peter J. Camiel) plaza was systematically reconstructed from September 1990 to May 1991. This was necessary as it was the most used service plaza on the entire mainline, and as such, increased use of it over its nearly 40 year lifespan had rendered it obsolete.[81]
Sunoco took over gas-station operations in 1993, outbidding Shell US;[82] credit card-activated pumps, fax machines, ATMs, and informational lodging boards were added.[65] Two years later, a farmers market began at the Sideling Hill plaza.[83]
In March 2002, the Butler plaza was closed so it could be replaced by the Warrendale Toll Plaza.[84] Two years later, the Somerset Service Plaza was expanded.[65]
The eastbound-only Hempfield and South Neshaminy plazas were closed in 2007 for a six-lane widening and new slip ramp, respectively.[85][86]
The eastbound Zelienople plaza closed in 2008 due to being a money loser since the portion became toll free in 2003.[87]
The westbound North Neshaminy plaza closed in 2010 so its parking lot could be used for construction equipment needed for a planned total reconstruction in the area.[citation needed] Free Wi-Fi was introduced at all service plazas in 2013.[65]
In 2006, the PTC and HMSHost began a system-wide project to reconstruct or renovate all service plazas. The Oakmont Plum plaza was first (closing in 2006 and reopening the following year), and was followed by the reconstruction of the North Somerset and Sideling Hill plazas (2007–2008); New Stanton (2008–2009); King of Prussia (2009–2010); Lawn and Bowmansville (2010–2011); South Somerset, Blue Mountain, and Cumberland Valley (2011–2012); South Midway and Highspire (2012–2013); Peter J. Camiel (2013–2014); and Valley Forge and North Midway (2014–2015).[88]
The Art Sparks program began in 2017 as a partnership between the turnpike commission and the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts to install public art created by local students in the Arts in Education residency program in service plazas along the turnpike over the next five years. The art consists of a mural reflecting a plaza's location. The first Art Sparks mural was unveiled at the Lawn service plaza in May of that year.[89][90] In April 2019, Sunoco/A-Plus locations began conversion to 7-Elevens as part of an agreement for 7-Eleven to take over Sunoco's company-owned convenience stores on the East Coast and in Texas; Sunoco continues to supply fuel.[91][92]
History
[edit]Before the turnpike
[edit]Native Americans traveled across the mountains on wilderness trails, and European settlers followed wagon roads to cross the state.[93] The Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike opened between Lancaster and Philadelphia in 1794, the first successful turnpike in the United States. The road was paved with logs, an improvement on dirt trails.[94] In 1834, the Main Line of Public Works opened as a system of canals, railroads, and cable railways across Pennsylvania to compete with the Erie Canal in New York.[95]
The Pennsylvania Railroad was completed between Pittsburgh and Philadelphia in 1854.[96] During the 1880s, the South Pennsylvania Railroad was proposed to compete with the Pennsylvania. It was backed by William Henry Vanderbilt, head of the New York Central Railroad (the Pennsylvania's chief rival). Andrew Carnegie also provided financial support, since he was unhappy with the Pennsylvania Railroad rates.[97] Construction began on the rival line in 1883, but stopped when the railroads reached an agreement two years later.[98][99] After construction halted, the only vestiges of the South Pennsylvania were nine tunnels, some roadbed, and piers for a bridge over the Susquehanna River in Harrisburg.[99]
To cross the Pennsylvania mountains by automobile, William Sutherland of the Pennsylvania Motor Truck Association and Victor Lecoq of the Pennsylvania State Planning Commission proposed a toll highway in 1934.[100][101] The highway would be a four-lane, limited-access road modeled on the German Autobahn and Connecticut's Merritt Parkway.[98][102][103] The turnpike could also be a defense road,[104] and construction costs could be reduced by using the abandoned South Pennsylvania Railroad tunnels.[100]
Sutherland and Lecoq introduced their turnpike idea to state legislator Cliff Patterson, who proposed a feasibility study on April 23, 1935. The proposal passed, and the Works Progress Administration (WPA) explored the possibility of building the road. Its study estimated a construction cost of $60 to $70 million (equivalent to between $1.05 billion and $1.22 billion in 2023[105]). Patterson introduced Bill 211 to the legislature, calling for the establishment of the PTC. The bill was signed into law by Governor George Howard Earle III on May 21, 1937,[100] and the first commissioners were appointed on June 4.[106] The highway was planned to run from US 30 in Irwin (east of Pittsburgh) east to US 11 in Middlesex (west of Harrisburg), a length of about 162 miles (261 km). It would pass through nine tunnels along the way.[107]
The road was planned to have four lanes and a median, with no grade steeper than three percent. Access to the highway would be controlled by entrance and exit ramps.[107] There would be no at-grade intersections, driveways, traffic lights, crosswalks, or at-grade railroad crossings.[108] Curves would be wide, and road signage large. The turnpike's right of way would be 200 feet (61 m); the road would be 24 feet (7.3 m) wide, with 10-foot (3.0 m) shoulders and a 10-foot (3.0 m) median. It would have two lanes through the tunnels, a 14-foot (4.3 m) clearance, and a 23-foot-wide (7.0 m) roadway.[107] The turnpike's design would be uniform.[108]
In February 1938, the commission began investigating proposals for $55 million in bonds to be issued for construction of the turnpike.[109] A month later, Van Ingen and Company purchased $60 million (equivalent to $1.02 billion in 2023[105]) in bonds which they offered to the public.[110] President Franklin D. Roosevelt approved a $24-million (equivalent to $408 million in 2023[105]) grant from the WPA in April 1938 for construction of the road, and the commonwealth contributed $29 million (equivalent to $492 million in 2023[105]) toward the project.[111]
The WPA grant received final approval,[112] but plans were still made to sell bonds; the first issue was planned for about $20 million (equivalent to $340 million in 2023[105]). The reduced bond issue was due to the WPA grant.[113]
In June, the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) announced that it would lend the commission sufficient funds to build the road.[114] The RFC loan totaled $32 million (equivalent to $543 million in 2023[105]), with a $26 million (equivalent to $442 million in 2023[105]) grant from the Public Works Administration (PWA); this provided $58 million (equivalent to $985 million in 2023[105]) for the turnpike's construction, and highway tolls would repay the RFC.[115]
In October 1938, the turnpike commission agreed with the RFC and PWA that the RFC would purchase $35 million (equivalent to $594 million in 2023[105]) in bonds in addition to the PWA grant.[116] That month, a banking syndicate purchased the bond amount from the RFC.[117] The previous month, a proposal was rejected that would have built a railroad from Pittsburgh to Harrisburg along the former South Pennsylvania Railroad right of way which had been designated for the turnpike.[118]
The highway opened in 1940 between Irwin and Carlisle as the first long-distance controlled-access highway in the United States.[119] Other toll roads and the Interstate Highway System were then built.[120] The highway was extended east to Valley Forge in 1950, and west to the Ohio state line the following year.[121][122] It was routed east to the New Jersey state line (the Delaware River) in 1954; the Delaware River Bridge opened two years later, completing the turnpike.[123][3]
Design
[edit]
To build the turnpike, boring of the former railroad tunnels had to be completed. Since the Allegheny Mountain Tunnel bore was in poor condition, a new bore was drilled 85 feet (26 m) south of it.[124] The commission considered bypassing the Rays Hill and Sideling Hill tunnels, but the cost of a bypass was considered too high.[125] Crews used steam shovels to widen the tunnel portals,[124] and temporary railroad tracks transported construction equipment.[126] Concrete was used to line the tunnel portals.[127] The tunnels included ventilation ducts, drainage structures, sidewalks, lighting, and telephone and signal systems.[128] Lighting was installed on the roadway approaching the tunnel portals.[129]
The tunnels bored through the seven mountains, a total of 4.5 miles (7.2 km) in length, were Laurel Hill Tunnel, Allegheny Mountain Tunnel, Rays Hill Tunnel, Sideling Hill Tunnel, Tuscarora Mountain Tunnel, Kittatinny Mountain Tunnel, and Blue Mountain Tunnel; the turnpike became known as the "tunnel highway".[130]
A number of bridge designs were used to cross the highway, including the concrete arch bridge, the through plate girder bridge, and the concrete T-beam bridge.[131][132][133] Bridges used to carry the turnpike over other roads and streams included a concrete arch viaduct in New Stanton;[134] at 600 feet (180 m), it was the longest bridge on the original section of the turnpike.[135] Other turnpike bridges included plate girder bridges, such as the bridge over Dunnings Creek in the Bedford Narrows. Smaller concrete T-beam bridges were also built.[136][137] A total of 307 bridges were built along the original section of the turnpike.[135]
Eleven interchanges were built, most of which were trumpet interchanges where all ramps merge at the toll booths.[138][139] The New Stanton, Carlisle, and Middlesex interchanges did not follow this design, but only the New Station interchange was intended to be permanent.[138] Lighting was installed approaching interchanges, along with acceleration and deceleration lanes.[129] The road had guardrails consisting of steel panels attached to I-beams.[140] Large exit signs were used, and road signs had cat's-eye reflectors to increase visibility at night.[140][141] Billboards were prohibited.[142] In September 1940, the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission ruled that trucks and buses could use the highway.[143]
Since the turnpike's first section was built through a rural part of the state, food and gasoline were not readily available to motorists. Because of this, the commission decided to provide service plazas at 30-mile (48 km) intervals. The plazas would be made of native fieldstone, resembling Colonial-era architecture.[69][144] In 1940, Standard Oil of Pennsylvania received a contract for 10 Esso service stations along the turnpike.[145] Eight of the service plazas would consist of service stations and a restaurant, and the plazas at the halfway point (in Bedford) would be larger.[144][145] The South Midway service plaza (the largest) contained a dining room, lunch counter, lounge, and lodging for truckers; a tunnel connected it to the smaller North Midway plaza.[144][146] The remaining service plazas were smaller, with a lunch counter. Food service at the plazas was provided by Howard Johnson's. After World War II, the food facilities were enlarged;[146] service stations sold gasoline, repaired cars, and provided towing.[147]
Construction and opening
[edit]
Before the first-section groundbreaking, in 1937, the turnpike commission sent workers to assess the former railroad tunnels; in September of that year, a contract was awarded to drain water from them.[148] After this, workers cleared rock slides and vegetation from the tunnel portals before evaluating the nine tunnels' condition.[149][150] It was decided that six of the nine former South Pennsylvania Railroad tunnels could be used for the roadway. The Allegheny Mountain Tunnel was in too-poor condition for use. Because of this, an entirely new tunnel was bored nearby. In addition, it would be more expansive to complete the Quemahoning and Negro Mountain tunnels in comparison to simply building rock cuts to bypass them.[150] The Quemahoning Tunnel had been completed and used by the Pittsburgh, Westmoreland and Somerset Railroad in the early 1900s, though was abounded by the 1920s.[151]
The turnpike's groundbreaking ceremony was on October 27, 1938, near Carlisle, with commission chair Walter A. Jones thrusting the first shovel into the earth.[152] Construction was on a tight schedule because completion of the road was originally planned by May 1, 1940. After the groundbreaking, contracts for finishing the former South Pennsylvania Railroad tunnels, grading the turnpike's right of way, constructing bridges, and paving were issued.[18] By July 1939, the entire length of the turnpike was under contract.[108]
The first work to begin on the road was grading its right of way, which involved a great deal of earthwork due to the mountainous terrain.[152] The turnpike required the acquisition of homes, farms, and a coal mine by eminent domain.[108] A tunnel was originally planned across Clear Ridge near Everett, but the turnpike commission decided to build a cut into the ridge.[19] Building the cut involved bulldozers excavating the mountain and explosives blasting the rock.[153] Concrete culverts were built to carry streams and roads under the highway in the valley floor.[154] The Clear Ridge cut was 153 feet (47 m) deep (the deepest highway cut at the time), and was known as "Little Panama" after the Panama Canal.[135] West of Clear Ridge, cuts and fills were built for the turnpike to pass along the southern edge of Earlston.[155]
Considerable work was also involved in building the road up the three-percent grade at the east end of Allegheny Mountain, the turnpike's steepest grade.[156] The base of Evitts Mountain was blasted to carry the turnpike across Bedford Narrows with US 30, the Raystown Branch of the Juniata River, and a Pennsylvania Railroad branch line.[17] In New Baltimore, the turnpike commission had to purchase land from St. John's Church (which contained a cemetery); as part of the agreement, stairs were built on either side of the turnpike for access to the church.[157]
Paving began on August 31, 1939.[108] The road would have a concrete surface, poured directly onto the earth with no gravel roadbed.[158] Concrete batch plants were set up along the road to aid paving.[159] Interchange ramps were paved with asphalt.[137] The paving led to a delay in the projected opening of the highway; by October 1939, the completion date was postponed from May 1 to June 29, 1940 becausee paving could not be done in winter. The commission rushed the paving, attempting to increase the distance paved from one to five miles (1.6 to 8.0 km) a day.[128]
Completion was postponed until July 4, and again until late summer when rain delayed paving operations.[160] Paving concluded by the end of the summer, and on September 30 the turnpike commission announced that the road would open the following day.[18][161][162] Because of the short notice, no ribbon-cutting ceremony was held.[162]
On August 26, 1940, a preview of the highway was organized by commission chair Jones. It began the previous night with a banquet at the Hotel Hershey and proceeded west along the turnpike, stopping at the Clear Ridge cut before lunch at the Midway service plaza. The preview ended with dinner and entertainment at Pittsburgh's Duquesne Club.[161][163] That month, a military motorcade traveled portions of the turnpike.[164]
The roadway took 770,000 short tons (700 kt) of sand, 1,200,000 short tons (1,100 kt) of stone, 50,000 short tons (45 kt) of steel, and more than 300,000 short tons (270 kt) of cement to complete.[130] It was built at a cost of $370,000 per mile ($230,000/km) (equivalent to $6.3 million per mile ($2.5 million/km) in 2023[105]).[165] Eighteen thousand people worked on the turnpike, and 19 died during construction.[166]
When the highway was under construction, its proposed toll was $1.50 (equivalent to $26.00 in 2023[105]) for a one-way car trip; a round trip would cost $2.00 (equivalent to $34.00 in 2023[105]). Trucks would pay $10.00 (equivalent to $172.00 in 2023[105]) one way. Tolls would vary for motorists who did not travel the length of the turnpike.[128] When it opened in 1940, automobile tolls were set at $1.50 (equivalent to $26.00 in 2023[105]) one way and $2.25 (equivalent to $38.00 in 2023[105]) round trip. The tolls were to be used to pay off bonds to build the road and were to be removed when the bonds were paid.[129] However, tolls continue to be charged to finance improvements to the turnpike system.[167] The toll rate was about $0.01 per mile ($0.0062/km) (equivalent to $0.17 per mile ($0.11/km) in 2023[105]) when the turnpike opened. The ticket system was used to pay for tolls.[168] This toll rate remained the same for the turnpike's first 25 years; other toll roads (such as the New York State Thruway and the Ohio, Connecticut, and Massachusetts turnpikes) had a higher rate.[169]
The turnpike opened at midnight on October 1, 1940, between Irwin and Carlisle; the day before the opening, motorists lined up at the Irwin and Carlisle interchanges.[119] Homer D. Romberger, a feed and tallow driver from Carlisle, was the first motorist to enter the turnpike at Carlisle; Carl A. Boe of McKeesport was the first motorist to enter at Irwin.[170] Boe was flagged down by Frank Lorey and Dick Gangle, the turnpike's first hitchhikers.[171] On October 6 (the first Sunday after the turnpike's opening), traffic was congested at toll plazas, tunnels, and service plazas.[172]
During its first 15 days of operation, the road had over 150,000 vehicles.[173] By the end of its first year it earned $3 million (equivalent to $51.1 million in 2023[105]) in revenue from five million motorists, exceeding the $2.67 million (equivalent to $45.5 million in 2023[105]) needed for operation and bond payments.[174][175] With the onset of World War II, revenue declined due to tire and gas rationing;[176] after the war, traffic increased.[177]
The turnpike was the first long-distance, limited-access road in the United States.[120] A direct link between the mid-Atlantic and midwestern states, it reduced travel time between Pittsburgh and Harrisburg from nearly six hours to about 2+1⁄2.[129][178] Nicknamed "dream highway" and "the World's Greatest Highway" by the turnpike commission,[1][168] it was also known as "the Granddaddy of the Pikes".[179] Postcards and other souvenirs promoted the original stretch's seven tunnels through the Appalachians.[180]
The highway was considered a yardstick against which limited-access highway construction would be measured.[181] Commission chair Jones called for more limited-access roads to be built across the country for defense purposes,[174] and the turnpike was a model for a proposed national network of highways planned during World War II.[182] The turnpike led to the construction of other toll roads, such as the New Jersey Turnpike and (eventually) the Interstate Highway System,[120] and has been designated a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers.[183]
1940s–late 1950s
[edit]
.jpg)
The turnpike had no speed limit when it opened except for the tunnels, which were limited to 35 miles per hour (56 km/h); some cars traveled as fast as 90 mph (140 km/h).[168] In 1941, speed limits of 70 mph (110 km/h) for cars and 50–65 mph (80–105 km/h) for trucks were enacted.[184] During World War II, the turnpike adopted the national speed limit of 35 mph (56 km/h);[1] after the war, the limit returned to 70 mph (110 km/h).[185]
Before the first section of the turnpike opened, the commission had considered extending it east to Philadelphia for defense purposes. The state legislature passed a 1939 bill allowing for an extension of the road to Philadelphia, which was signed into law by Governor Arthur James as Act 11 in 1940.[103][186] The extension was estimated to cost between $50 and $60 million in 1941 (equivalent to between $799 million and $959 million in 2023[105]).[186] In June 1948, funding for the extension was put in place.[187] The turnpike commission offered $134 million (equivalent to $1.36 billion in 2023[105]) in bonds to pay for the extension that July, which had its estimations revised to $87 million.[188] The Philadelphia extension would run from Carlisle east to US 202 in King of Prussia,[121][189] connecting to the Schuylkill Expressway, a state-maintained freeway which would continue to Center City Philadelphia.[190] Groundbreaking for the Philadelphia extension took place on September 28, 1948, in York County. Governor James H. Duff and commission chair Thomas J. Evans attended the ceremony.[191] The extension would use air-entrained concrete poured on stone, an improvement that motorists did not see.[121][192] Transverse joints on the pavement were spaced at 46-foot (14 m) intervals, 31-foot (9.4 m) less than the 77-foot (23 m) intervals on the original portion.[121] Because it crossed less-mountainous terrain, the extension required less earthwork.[193] Large bridges were built, including those crossing the Susquehanna River and Swatara Creek.[194][195] The Susquehanna River Bridge was built with a four-foot-raised (1.2 m) concrete median and no shoulders.[194] This extension of the turnpike would use the same style of overpasses as the original section, excluding the steel deck bridge; an entirely new design.[66] Seven interchanges were built alongside the extension, as well as the Valley Forge Toll Plaza, which served as the new eastern terminus.[citation needed] The Carlisle interchange was also closed, and the Middlesex interchange with US 11 was realigned and renamed the Carlisle interchange.[193] On February 1, 1950, this, alongside the portion of road to the Gettysburg Pike Interchange, was opened.[65] The extension's completion was delayed by weather and a cement workers' strike; it was scheduled for October 1, 1950, the 10th anniversary of the opening of the first section.[196] On October 23, the Philadelphia extension was previewed in a ceremony by Governor Duff.[197] On November 13, the new Carlisle Interchange was opened as planned. However, drivers were barred from passing east of the new interchange.[198] The rest of the extension opened to traffic on November 20; the governor and chair Evans cut the ribbon at the Valley Forge mainline toll plaza west of King of Prussia.[121][199] With this, the turnpike gained an extra 100 miles (160 km)s, leading to a total mainline length of 260 miles (420 km) between the Irwin Toll Plaza and Valley Forge Toll Plaza.
In 1941, Governor James suggested building a western extension to Ohio.[186] That June, Act 54 was signed into law to build the extension.[184] The turnpike commission began looking into funding for this road in 1949, which would run from Irwin to the Ohio state line near Youngstown and bypass Pittsburgh.[200] That September, $77 million (equivalent to $781 million in 2023[105]) in bonds were sold to finance construction of the western extension.[201] Groundbreaking for the extension took place on October 24, 1949[202] at the Brush Creek viaduct in Irwin, with Governor Duff in attendance.[203] Like the Philadelphia extension, the western extension required the building of long bridges which included those crossing the Beaver and Allegheny Rivers.[204] Overpasses were steel- and through-plate girder bridges.[205] Concrete arch bridges were not used for overpasses, although they carried the turnpike over other roads.[206] Six new interchanges, as well as the Gateway Toll plaza, were built,[citation needed] and similarly to the Carlisle Interchange, the Irwin Toll Plaza became the Irwin Interchange, however, as the new alignment pasted to the east of the Irwin Toll Plaza, the original toll plaza was retained.[65] On August 7, 1951, the section between the Irwin and Pittsburgh interchanges opened;[207] Ohio Governor Frank Lausche led a dedication ceremony on November 26 of that year.[208] The extension opened to the Gateway toll plaza, near the Ohio state line, on December 26, 1951.[122][209] The highway ended in a cornfield, and traffic followed a temporary ramp onto rural local roads until the connecting Ohio Turnpike was built.[122][208] The Beaver Valley Interchange opened on March 1, 1952.[65] The speed limit between the Ohio state line and Breezewood was lowered to 60 mph (97 km/h) in September 1953 to reduce the number of accidents, but returned to 70 mph (110 km/h) when the measure was ineffective.[210][211] On December 1, 1954, the Ohio Turnpike opened and the Pennsylvania Turnpike was extended to the Ohio state line.[212] With the completion of this project, an extra 67 miles (108 km) was added to the system, leaving a total length of 327 miles (526 km). Because of this, mile markers and exit numbers on the previous sections were updated to be accurate to the new western terminus.
On May 17, 1956, the speed limit on the turnpike was reduced to 65 mph (105 km/h) for cars, buses, and motorcycles; other vehicles were limited to 50 mph (80 km/h).[213]
_just_east_of_the_exit_for_Interstate_476_(Allentown,_Chester)_in_Whitemarsh_Township,_Montgomery_County,_Pennsylvania.jpg)
In 1951, plans to extend the turnpike east to New Jersey at the Delaware River were made.[214] Construction of the Delaware River extension was approved by Governor John S. Fine in May of that year.[215] A route bypassing Philadelphia was announced in 1952, crossing the Delaware on a bridge near Edgely and connecting to a branch of the New Jersey Turnpike.[216] That September, the turnpike commission announced that $65 million, equivalent to $599 million in 2023[105], in bonds would be issued to finance the project.[217] Work on the Delaware River extension began on November 20, 1952, and Governor Fine dug the first shovel into the earth at the groundbreaking ceremony.[218] Five new interchanges, as well as the Delaware River Bridge Toll Plaza, were built,[citation needed] and the Valley Forge Toll Plaza was demolished and replaced by the Valley Forge Interchange.[219] The Delaware River extension included a bridge over the Schuylkill River which was built to the same standards as the Susquehanna River Bridge.[220] The construction of the Delaware River bridge required an amendment to the Pennsylvania Constitution, which barred the state from forming compacts with other states. In April 1954, $233 million (equivalent to $2.1 billion in 2023[105]) in bonds were issued to finance the building of the Delaware River Bridge and the Northeast Extension.[221] Groundbreaking for the Delaware River Bridge, connecting the Pennsylvania and New Jersey Turnpikes, took place on June 26, 1954, in Florence, New Jersey.[123] On August 23, 1954, the Delaware River Extension opened between King of Prussia and US 611 in Willow Grove.[222] the segment to the Fort Washington Interchange opened on September 20, to the Philadelphia Interchange on October 27,[65] and the remainder of the road to the Delaware Valley Interchange opened on November 17, 1954.[123] The short section between that interchange and the Delaware River Bridge opened to traffic on May 23, 1956. This was a joint construction project with the New Jersey Turnpike Authority.[3][223] Pennsylvania Governor George M. Leader and New Jersey Governor Robert B. Meyner were present at the opening ceremony.[224] The Delaware River Bridge Toll Plaza was built west of the bridge, marking the eastern end of the ticket system.[225] With the completion of the extension, a motorist could drive from New York City to Indiana on limited-access toll roads.[225] This bridge was originally six lanes wide, and had no median, but one was later installed and the bridge constricted to four lanes.[3] With the extensions and connecting turnpikes, the highway was envisioned as part of a system of toll roads stretching from Maine to Chicago.[226] It was now possible to drive from New York City to Chicago without encountering a traffic signal.[227] This brought the mainline to its current length of 360 miles (580 km).
Late 1950s–1990s
[edit]In late 1956, a new machine-based tolling system was activated for trucks, allowing for faster, more accurate tolls.[213]
_at_the_exit_for_Interstate_276_EAST_(TO_Interstate_476-Northeast_Extension,_Allentown,_New_Jersey)_in_Upper_Merion_Township,_Montgomery_County,_Pennsylvania.jpg)
In August 1957, the Bureau of Public Roads added the road to the Interstate Highway System in accordance with recommendations by state highway departments to include toll roads in the system.[228] I-80 was planned to run along the turnpike from the Ohio state line and Harrisburg West Interchange, where I-80S would continue east to the Valley Forge Interchange. I-70 was also planned to follow the turnpike between the Pittsburgh Interchange and Breezewood Interchange.[229] At a June 26, 1958 meeting of the Route Numbering Subcommittee on the US Numbered System, it was decided to move the I-80 designation to an alignment further north; the highway from the Ohio state line to the Valley Forge Interchange would become I-80S. Between the Valley Forge Interchange and the New Jersey state line, the turnpike was designated I-280.[230][231] With the creation of the Interstate Highway System, restaurants and gas stations were prohibited along interstate highways; the turnpike was grandfathered when it joined the system, allowing it to continue operating its service plazas.[232]
In July 1959, a minimum speed of 35 mph (56 km/h) was established.[233]
By the early 1950s, it was apparent that the original concrete driving surface between the Irwin Interchange and Carlisle Interchange was in poor shape. This was caused by excessive transverse-joint spacing and no gravel between earth and concrete. Because of this, a project began in summer 1954 to layer the original turnpike segment between Irwin and Carlisle with a 3-inch (7.6 cm) layer of asphalt. Drainage was also implemented in order to prevent black ice from forming during cold weather, witch was previously a serious problem. During the work, traffic was restricted to two lanes on one roadway while the other was worked on.[234] The first stretch to be rehabilitated was the 21-mile (34 km) stretch between the Irwin Interchange and Sideling Hill Tunnel. Repaving the rest of the roadway was completed by September 8, 1962.[213]
.svg){kind=small} Interstate 280 | |
|---|---|
| Location | Upper Merion Township–Bristol Township |
| Length | 32.65 mi[23] (52.55 km) |
| Existed | 1958–February 1964 |
In April 1963, the state of Pennsylvania proposed renumbering the interstates. As part of this, I-80S would be redesignated as I-76 east of the Pittsburgh Interchange, and I-280 would be redesignated as I-276 for its entire length. This was because the spur latter did not connect to I-80 in northern Pennsylvania white the former did not connect to it at all, both violations of interstate highway standards. The changes were approved by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) on February 26, 1964. With this, the turnpike would carry I-76 from the Pittsburgh Interchange to Valley Forge Interchange and I-276 from the Valley Forge Interchange to the New Jersey state line.[235]
When originally built, the New Stanton Interchange was the only non trumpet interchange design on the turnpike. It instead consisted of a pair of grade separated Right-in/right-out ramps that merged through left hand, grade level ramps into the two lane toll plaza, which then traveled to an intersection with more left turns onto US 119. However, upon PennDOT completion of the freeway realfnment of Pennsylvania Route 71 (PA 71) in 1959, which brought traffic from Washington to New Stanton, use of the interchange increased significantly.[236] This resulted in congestion. The interchange was initially left as is due to financial restraints, though when a man was killed in a car crash in 1963, funding was obtained,[237] and work began that October to replace it.[238] The new interchange was to be a safer double trumpet, which would also connect to the western portion of Interstate 70 beyond its concurrency with the turnpike planned to replace a portion of US 119 that the original interchange had served. The improvement, which had cost $1.6 million (equivalent to $12 million in 2023[105]) was completed on November 12.[238] The completion of this construction marked the first interchange to be replaced,[65] as well as the first interchange that didn’t connect to an interstate highway or other expressway to be replaced in order to do so.[236] The original eastbound exit and entrance were never demolished and still exist.[239]
In September 1965, the minimum speed limit was reduced to 40 mph (64 km/h).[240]
On November 19, 1965, plans were proposed to the PTC that would have built an interchange with PA 501 near Myerstown.[241] This never occurred.[citation needed]
The median, initially thought to be wide enough, was considered functionally obsolete by 1960. Because of this, nearly 100 miles (160 km) of median barrier began to be built across most of the road.[242] Work was completed in December 1965 at a cost of $5 million (equivalent to $36.9 million in 2023[105]).[6]
As traffic levels increased, bottlenecks at the two-lane tunnels became a problem. By the end of the 1950s, traffic jams formed at the tunnels (especially during the summer months).[243] In 1959, four senators urged state officials to work with the turnpike commission to study how to reduce the traffic jams, this was after one of the worst bottlenecks in the history of the highway at the time occurred at Laurel Hill.[244] That year, the commission began studies of resolving the traffic jams at the Laurel Hill and Allegheny Mountain tunnels.[245] After study, the turnpike commission planned to eliminate the two bottlenecks by either adding a second tube or bypassing it.[125] The new twin tunnels would both have white tiles, fluorescent lighting, and improved ventilation.[169] In June 1960, the PTC announced these plans would build a second bore at the Allegheny Mountain Tunnel and a replacement alignment at Laurel Hill. The Laurel Hill bypass was planned because construction would be quicker (and traffic relief given at a cheaper cost) than would be by boring another tunnel.[246] In June 1962, the commission approved the projects.[247] That August, $21 million, equivalent to $162 million in 2023[105], in bonds were sold to finance the projects.[248] The Laurel Hill bypass was constructed as a deep cut to the north; the new section would have a wide median and truck-climbing lanes, and would require explosives to create a 145-foot-deep (44 m) cut into the mountain.[169][249] Groundbreaking for both the Laurel Hill Bypass[250] and twin Allegheny Mountain Tunnel occurred on September 6, 1962..[249] The former South Pennsylvania Railroad Allegheny Mountain tunnel was considered for use as a twin of the road bore, but as in the 1930s, was rejected because of its poor condition.[251] The Laurel Hill bypass opened to traffic on October 30, 1964, at a cost of $7.5 million (equivalent to $56.3 million in 2023[105]).[169][249] On March 15, 1965, the new Allegany Mountain Tunnel opened to traffic and the original tube was closed for renovations. It reopened on August 25, 1966.[249][252] The construction of the second tube at Allegheny Mountain cost $12 million (equivalent to $86.1 million in 2023[105]).[169] With the completion of this project, the entire 165 miles (266 km) between the Ohio state line and Rays Hill Tunnel was at least four lanes wide.[253] Additionally, the Allegheny Mountain Tunnel became the westernmost tunnel still in service on the mainline. After its closure, the old Laurel Hill alignment and tunnel began being used as a storage facility for road salt.[65] Since 2004, the tunnel itself has been used by Chip Ganassi Racing for high-speed race car aerodynamic testing. The tunnel was repaved, equipped with climate control, safety equipment, and data collection systems. The first car he Tested was G-Force Technologies Indycar.[254][255][256]
In 1969, $3.2 million (equivalent to $20.4 million in 2023[105]) worth of improvements were completed. This included widening the Gateway Toll Plaza from to ten collection lanes, rebuilding the ramps at the Pittsburgh interchange to serve an eastern extension of I-76 alongside widening its toll plaza to ten lanes, and rebuilding the ramps at the Harrisburg East Interchange to serve I-283 instead of Eisenhower Boulevard.[257]
The PTC began installing steel barriers at curves and high-accident areas in 1957.[213] By 1970, the entire roadway had barriers.[258]
Studies on how to improve the other tunnels on the mainline were undertaken during the early 1960s.[245] After study, the turnpike commission planned to make the entire turnpike east of the Breezewood Interchange at least four lanes by adding a second tube at the tunnels or bypassing them,[125] and in 1965, the turnpike commission announced plans to build second tubes at the Tuscarora, Kittatinny, and Blue Mountain tunnels and a 13.5-mile (21.7 km) realignment at Rays Hill and Sideling Hill.[259] A bypass of the tunnels was considered during the 1930s, but was determined to be too expensive.[125] An 1961 study concluded that a bypass would be the best option to handle traffic at Rays Hill and Sideling Hill.[125][260] The replacement of the two tunnels would have a 36-foot-wide (11 m) median.[70] The commission sold $77.5 million (equivalent to $556 million in 2023[105]) bonds in January 1966 to finance the project.[261] Construction of the bypass of the Rays Hill and Sideling Hill tunnels involved a cut across both hills.[262][263] In building the cut across Rays Hill, part of US 30 had to be realigned.[262] The cut over Sideling Hill passes over the Sideling Hill Tunnel.[263] The new alignment ends a short distance east of the Cove Valley service plaza on the original segment. The turnpike bypass of the Rays Hill and Sideling Hill tunnels opened on November 26, 1968.[125] When the highway was realigned to bypass the tunnels, the Cove Valley service plaza on the original section was replaced with the Sideling Hill service plaza (the only plaza on the mainline serving travelers in both directions).[70] After traffic was diverted to the new alignment, the former stretch passing through the Rays Hill and Sideling Hill tunnels became known as the abandoned Pennsylvania Turnpike. The turnpike commission continued to maintain the tunnels for a few years before abandoning them. The abandoned stretch deteriorated; signs and guardrails were removed, pavement began crumbling, trees grew in the median, and vandals and nature began taking over the tunnels. The turnpike commission still performed some maintenance on the abandoned stretch and used it to test pavement-marking equipment.[264] In 2001, the turnpike commission turned over a significant portion of the abandoned section to the Southern Alleghenies Conservancy; bicycles and hikers could use the former roadway.[265] The abandoned stretch of the turnpike is the longest stretch of abandoned freeway in the United States.[125] Studies concluded that a parallel tunnel was the most economical option at the Tuscarora, Kittatinny, and Blue Mountain tunnels. Work on the new tube at the Tuscarora Mountain Tunnel began on April 11, 1966, and construction began at the Kittatinny and Blue Mountain tunnels a week later.[252] The parallel tubes at the three tunnels opened on November 26, 1968, and the original tubes were remodeled.[125] The new and remodeled tunnels had fluorescent lighting, white tile walls, and 13-foot-wide (4.0 m) lanes.[266] The portals of the new tunnels were designed to resemble the original tunnels. In October 1970, a new Breezewood interchange opened. The new exit, which used part of the original turnpike segment, had a ten lane toll plaza, up from the four lanes of the originals, recognizing the use of the interchange by Interstate 70 traffic.[238] Contrary to early plans, the new interchange did not directly connect to the road, due to a study completed in 1966 determining such a move would not increase toll revenue.[65] That month, reconstruction of the original Tuscarora Mountain Tunnel was completed; work on refurbishing the original Kittatinny and Blue Mountain tunnels was finished on March 18, 1971.[267] With the completion of this project, the entire mainline was at least four lanes wide, and as such met minimal interstate highway standards.[268]
In 1968, one of the PTCs closest contractors proposed a project that would have rebuilt the road between the Morgantown Interchange and Delaware River Bridge in order to reduce congestion and limit stops at toll plazas as much as possible. However, due to being too expensive, the PTC scaled this down to conversion of the stretch into a barrier toll system.[257] A 1971 study recommended not carrying out this proposal due to a decline in toll revenue.[267]
.svg){kind=small} Interstate 80S | |
|---|---|
| Location | North Beaver Township–Upper Merion Township |
| Existed | 1958–October 1972 |
Ohio planned to eliminate I-80S west of the Pittsburgh Interchange in 1971, replacing it with a realigned I-76. Pennsylvania disagreed with the change, recommending that I-80S become I-376. Pennsylvania changed its mind, supporting Ohio's plan to renumber I-80S as I-76. In December of that year, the change was approved by the American Association of State Highway Officials;, I-76 would follow the turnpike between the Ohio state line and Valley Forge Interchange.[231] The change took effect on October 2, 1972. With this, I-76 was carried on the turnpike between the Ohio state line and Valley Forge Interchange.[269]
In August 1973, the portion between the New Stanton Interchange and Breezewood Interchange was named the Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Highway.
In 1969, the turnpike commission announced plans to widen the mainline. It proposed doubling the number of lanes from four to eight, excluding the Philadelphia and Irwin to New Stanton portions, which would instead have been ten lanes. Cars and trucks would use separate roadways.[270] The commission had also proposed a new interchange with I-79 in Carpentertown.[271] The road would have had a 80-mile-per-hour (130 km/h) speed limit and holographic road signs. The widening would have kept much of the routing intact, but significant reconstruction was proposed between the Allegheny Mountain and Blue Mountain tunnels.[272] Because of the $1.1-billion (equivalent to $5.76 billion in 2023[105]) cost and the 1973 oil crisis, the plan was not implemented.[260]
With PennDOT making plans to bypass the at-grade portion of US 222 between Reading and Lancaster with a new four-lane expressway west of the original,[257] the Reading-Lancaster Interchange was to be replaced in order to connect with the new freeway, because the existing interchange could not.[65] Construction began in 1972, alongside the expressway itself.[273] Costing $6.6 million, (equivalent to $31.7 million in 2023[105]) the work involved constructing a 1.5 miles (2.4 km) long access road with a diamond interchange leading to the new freeway, past there, it travels to the old at-grade alignment, which was designated as Pennsylvania Route 272. The toll plaza was also relocated to before the new freeway, and featured five toll lanes, up by two from the three lanes toll booth the original. It was the first interchange on the turnpike to use high mast ramp lighting,[274] as well as truck weighing computers, which were much faster than the old machines.[275] The new interchange opened to traffic on April 10, 1974.[276]
With passage of the National Maximum Speed Law in August 1974, the speed limit on the turnpike was reduced to 55 mph (89 km/h).[277][276]
With the opening of Interstate 79 in the area, the Perry Highway Interchange was expanded to serve increased traffic levels.[65]
By 1975, the road, most of which was still using a concrete driving surface, had deteriorated significantly. Because of this, the PTC surfaced these portions with an asphalt overlay.[278] This was completed by 1980.
In the 1970s, the PTC proposed major improvements to the 160 miles (260 km) portion between the Irwin Interchange and Carlisle Interchange. The Irwin Interchange, New Stanton Interchange, Somerset Interchanges would be expanded, and new truck-climbing lanes would be built east of the Allegheny Mountain Tunnel and in New Baltimore. They also would extend the Laurel Hill truck lane west. Construction began in 1978, when the effects of the 1973 oil crisis finally ended.[279] To allow for the new truck lanes, which would serve westbound traffic, a new eastbound roadway was built, this was to allow the new eastbound truck lane to use what was originally the four-lane eastbound and westbound road. The longest of these was the new Allegheny Mountain lane, which was 2.2 miles (3.5 km) long.[65] The last of the construction was completed on December 2, 1981,[280] at the cost of $70 million. [65]
On September 10, 1983, the Blue Mountain Interchange's original two lane toll plaza was closed and replaced with a new four lane toll plaza.[281] The original booth was donated to the Smithsonian Institution.[282]
A study of potentially eliminating toll takers began in 1982, with the introduction of the Automatic Ticket Issuing Machine (ATIM). Also as part of this, new 2.50 inch tickets would be introduced, replacing the 3.70 inch ones, which, unlike them, would feature a magnetic strip that contained the toll fare and other information.[65] Following this study determining that it would reduce congestion, the ticket machines replaced human workers on July 22, 1987.[283]
By the early 1980s, the section of road in the Philadelphia area had become a bottleneck.[24] Because of this, in 1983, funding was obtained to widen the turnpike to six lanes between the Valley Forge Interchange and Philadelphia Interchange.[284] The project was put on hold because of disagreements between Governor Dick Thornburgh and members of the turnpike commission.[285][286] The Pennsylvania legislature approved the project in 1985, with the agreement, the eastern terminus of the six lane alignment would be scaled down to the Norristown Interchange.[287][288] Construction began on March 10, 1986,[289] with improvements to the Fort Washington Interchange, Willow Grove Interchange, and Philadelphia interchange were completed later that year.[65] The rest of the widening was completed on November 23, 1987, with a ribbon-cutting at the Philadelphia interchange. The project cost $120 million (equivalent to $629 million in 2023[105]).[290]
In 1988, the mainline between the Irwin Interchange and Carlisle Interchange was designated as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark,[291] in recognition of importance as one of the first US freeways.[292]
In 1988, tandem toll booths were added to the Valley Forge Interchange; they were added at the Willow Grove Interchange in early 1989.[65]
In July 1989, politician Michael M. Dawida announced his intentions to pass a bill allowing PennDOT to replace the Breezewood Interchange to provide direct access to Interstate 70, as well as to rebuild the Carlisle Interchange to provide direct access to Interstate 81. He wanted this because both US 30 at the Breezewood Interchange and US 11 at the Carlisle Interchange suffer from chronic congestion due to heavy through traffic traveling to these interstates. He had experienced a crash at the latter a year before. However, the Breezewood proposal was criticized by Breezewood politicians, they instead criticized congestion at the Squirrel Hill Tunnel.[293] He later dropped these proposals.[65]
On October 31, 1989, the 1 billionth vehicle traveled on the turnpike, entering through the Irwin Interchange.[65]
Since the 1990s
[edit]The turnpike commission celebrated the highway's 50th anniversary in October 1990. Over $300,000 (equivalent to $618,462 in 2023[105]) was spent to promote the turnpike with a videotape, souvenirs, and a private party attended by politicians and companies that work with the turnpike.[294]
In 1991, a project that expanded the Downingtown Interchange was completed.[65]
Call boxes were installed between the New Stanton Interchange and New Baltimore in December 1988, and along the entire length of the highway by late November 1991.[295] This made it so that the one was located every mile (1.6 km) for its entire length.[296]
In 1989, construction began on an eastbound truck lane to the west of the Beaver River Bridge. This was completed in 1992.[65]
Plans for an interchange to serve the New Cumberland Defense Depot near Harrisburg was announced in 1985.[297] In September 1992, the turnpike commission scrapped the project.[298]
Plans to build the Mid County interchange serving the north end of I-476 (Mid-County Expressway) were made with that portion of the road under construction,[299] this would replace the interchange that had only served the Northeast Extension.[300] The PTC awarded an initial contract in March 1989.[299] Construction was delayed when an unsuccessful bidder challenged the commission that June, saying that it violated female and minority contracting rules about the percentage of employees that were used for the project.[301] the PTC approved an nitail contract to build it in March 1989. The contract was rebid in November 1989 after a Supreme Court of Pennsylvania ruling.[302] The Mid County Interchanges ramps onto I-476 were completed in November 1992, and the ramps onto the Northeast Extension opened a month later.[303][304] a ribbon-cutting took place on December 15, 1992.[305] It was the first interchange on the turnpike with flyover ramps.[65]
An interchange was proposed with PA 743 between Elizabethtown and Hershey in 1990.[306] However, a April 1993 study determined that it would not improve traffic flow on local roads.[307]
On July 13, 1995, the speed limit was raised to 65 mph (105 km/h), except for areas with a population greater than 50,000, which retained the old 55-mile-per-hour (89 km/h) limit.[308]
In 1995, construction was completed on reconstruction of the bridge traveling over the Brush Creek Railroad in Irwin[309] to add shoulders.
,_Nov._2023.jpg)
In September 1984, the PTC announced plans to replace the Morgantown Interchange. The new interchange would provide direct access to Interstate 176. This route had previously been in violation of interstate highway standards, as it had not connected to its parent route.[310] This was planned to reduce congestion on PA 10, as well as to increase business in Morgantown.[311] Groundbreaking for the new ramps was held on February 28, 1989. The new interchange, which was to cost $17 million, was built 1.5 miles (2.4 km) east of the old one, and merged onto the turnpike from the north, rather than the south. However, it was not to have complete access to PA 10, as the old interchange did.[312] The new interchange was opened a year later in September 1990.[313] The overhead lights at the new interchange were considered a nuisance by residents who lived near it.[314] When it opened this new ramps temporarily did not have access to I-176, though on September 27, 1996, the second phase, and by extension the project, were completed when they did.[315]
In 1997, the Harrisburg West Interchange had its toll plaza expanded.[citation needed]
In Fall 1998, the PTC completed implementation of the Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS). It involved the addition of variable message signs, a traffic flow system, a truck rollover system, a camera system, and an overheight vehicle detection system.[65]
In early 1999, the PTC began printing coupons on the back of toll receipts.[65]
Construction began on a project to rebuild the five-mile (8.0 km) stretch between milepost 94 and 99 in June 1998.[316] This work involved the replacement of the overpasses, widening of the median, addition of shoulders,[316][317] and replacement of drainage. Work was completed in August 2000,[318] and cost $24 million. It marked the first portion of the road to be entirely rebuilt.[65]
A $7,000,000 rehabilitation of the Tuscarora Mountain Tunnel was completed in Winter 2000.`As part of this, the fluorescent lighting was replaced with sodium fixtures, new pipeing was installed to correct a design flaw that caused deterioration, repairs were made to the tiling and ceiling slabs, and the original two fan based backup generators were replaced by four powerful diesel generators as part of upgrades to the power distribution system.[65]
The speed limit was lowered from 65-to-55-mile-per-hour (105 to 89 km/h) between the New Stanton Interchange and milepost 130 in April 2001. This was due to the section's six degree curves.[319]
In October 2000, the PTC announced they would undertake the gradual switch of interchanges from sequentially based exit numbers to milepost based exit numbering.This would be based on how far the exit was from the Ohio state line,[320][321] This excluded the Mid County interchange, which was based on the Mid County Expressway exit numbering.[citation needed] Installation of the new signage occurred in May 2001.[322]
In May 1999, reconstruction began on the section between milepost 187 and milepost 197.[318] Work was completed in Summer 2001 at the cost of $50 million.[65]
During 2001, the PTC ran a humorous advertising campaign called "Peace, Love and the Pennsylvania Turnpike". It lasted for 90 days and used tie-dyed billboards that resembled those from the 1970s and carried phrases such as "Rome wasn't built in a day" and "Spread the love. Let someone merge."[323]
In August 1999, the PTC awarded a contract to reconstruct the road between the New Stanton Interchange and milepost 85.[324] In April 2000, massive potholes developed between the New Stanton Interchange and milepost 85. This required the portion to be temporarily closed. Soon after, construction on the work began. It involved widening the median, expanding the shoulders, and replacing the concrete jersey barrier. The eastbound lanes were completed in October 2000,[65] while the westbound lanes were finished exactly two years later.[324]
An electronic toll collection system was first proposed in 1990 in which a motorist would create an account, use an electronic device read from an electronic tollbooth, and be billed later.[325] E-ZPass, the multi-state electronic tolling system, was planned to go into effect by 1998.[326][327] In 1996, the PTC announced they were considering the addition of slip ramps in the Philadelphia area as part of the conversion.[328] Construction began on the Virginia Drive slip ramp in early 2000, a new slip ramp that would serve westbound traffic.[329] Many interchanges had their toll plazas expanded with the undertaking, such as the Valley Forge Interchange, which had its Toll Plaza widened from thirteen lanes to seventeen lanes.[65] On December 2, 2000, E-ZPass was introduced between the Harrisburg West Interchange and the Delaware River Toll Plaza.[330][331][329] concurrency, the new slip ramp onto Virginia Drive opened. It was built at the cost $5.1 million, equivalent to $8.58 million in 2023[105].[330][329] On May 19, 2001 E-ZPass was introduced further west to the Carlisle Interchange.[65] Following this, on December 15, E-ZPass was introduced on the renaming portion to the Gateway Toll Plaza.[332][333] On December 14, 2002, the system was introduced to commercial vehicles.[334]
Plans were made to build the Cranberry Interchange, which would connect the turnpike to I-79 and US 19 in Cranberry Township. It would replace the Perry Highway Interchange, which had only served the latter. These plans were approved in 1993,[335] with a contract issued in November 1995.[336] In 1997, transportation officials agreed on the interchange's design.[337] The project was planned to include moving the west end of the ticket system from the Gateway Toll Plaza to a new location in Warrendale. This part of the project was delayed by a dispute with Marshall and Pine townships in Allegheny County, who thought that it would cause noise, air, and light pollution.[338] Marshall Township eventually agreed to allow construction in May 2001.[339] Reconstruction of the Gateway Toll Plaza from a ticket facility into a coin drop facility began that October. On top of adding coin drop machinery, the plaza's toll lanes were given better heating and cooling systems.[65] Groundbreaking for the interchange itself took place on February 22, 2002.[340] The westbound Butler service plaza was closed to allow for right of way for the new plaza, aptly named after Warrendale, to use that already used by the existing turnpike.[341] On June 1, 2003, the new Warrendale Toll plaza and rebuilt Gateway toll plaza were opened, with this the New Castle Interchange and Beaver Valley Interchange had their toll plazas eliminated, and the Perry Highway Interchange was closed.[342] The Cranberry Interchange opened on November 12, 2003.[343] In June 2004, express E-ZPass lanes were completed at the Warrendale toll plaza which allowed E-ZPass motorists to travel through the plaza at highway speed.[344] The entire project cost $44 million, equivalent to $69.9 million in 2023[105].[343]
On July 12, 2001, ground was broken on a project to rebuild the roadway between milepost 99 and the Allegheny Mountain Tunnel. Work involved reconstruction of the roadbed to extend its life, expansion of the shoulder and median, as well replacement of seventeen overpasses to accommodate the expanded shoulders and median. On March 21, 2002, a $66 million project to rebuild the roadway from mileposts 85 to 94 broke ground. This project reconstructed the Donegal Interchange, rehabilitated seven other overpasses, and built a eastbound truck lane between mileposts 88 and 94 and westbound truck lane between mileposts 93.1 and 92.2. Work on the Allegheny Mountain Tunnel project was originally planned to be completed in Spring 2005 and the Donegal project scheduled to be completed in November 2005, but a fare increase allowed for both to be completed in November 2004.[65]
On November 24, 2004, the day before Thanksgiving, 2,000 Teamsters Union employees went on strike, after contract negotiations failed. This was the first strike in the history of the roadway. As this is usually one of the busiest traffic days in the US, to avoid traffic jams, tolls were waived for the rest of the day.[345] Starting on November 25, turnpike management personnel collected flat-rate passenger tolls of $2 and commercial tolls of $15 from cash customers on the ticketed system, while E-ZPass customers were charged the lesser of the actual toll or the same flat rates.[346] The strike ended after seven days when both sides reached an agreement on November 30, 2004. Normal toll collection resumed December 1, 2004.[347]
On January 29, 2005, the service road at the Reading-Lancaster Interchange was officially named Colonel Howard Boulevard.[348]
The PTC approved raising the speed limit to 65 mph (105 km/h) for the entire length of the turnpike (except for the tunnels, mainline toll plazas, and the winding portion between the New Stanton Interchange and milepost 130) in April 2005.[349]
In July 2005, the PTC completed a $3,500,000 million (equivalent to $5.25 million in 2023[105]) project that eliminated 175 low capacity emergency pull offs along the entire road. This followed a study completed in June 1998 which determined they were a safety hazard, as commercial vehicles were too big for them, this flaw resulted in many head on collisions. However, this was criticized as making these truckers more likely to stay on the road even when tried, as there was a 2.5 miles (4.0 km) gap between the larger pull offs.[350]
In July 2004, construction began on rebuilding the portion of road between milepost 38 and the Butler Valley Interchange. Work was completed in Winter 2005.[65]
In March 2007, the PTC announced that it removed the steps leading to St. John's Church in New Baltimore because they were a safety hazard.[351][352]
In December 2005, the commission began a project to widen the toll plaza, expand the utility building, and rebuild the roadway and associated structures (including the bridges in the interchange and on the turnpike) at the Gettysburg Pike Interchange and Lebanon-Lancaster Interchange. The work was completed in October 2007 at a cost of $30 million.[65]
In September 2000, the PTC announced plans to build a twin six lane concrete segmental bridge to replace the old four lane deck truss span over the Susquehanna River.[353] Work began on the six-lane bridge, which cost $150 million (equivalent to $232 million in 2023[105]), four years later.[21] In March 2005, as part of the project, work began on realignment of a 1.5 miles (2.4 km) section of roadway near the bridge. In November, work began on improvement of the Harrisburg East Interchange, its toll plaza was expanded, and its overpasses rebuilt to accommodate the widened mainline.[65] A ribbon-cutting was held for completion of the westbound bridge on May 16, 2007, and it opened to traffic the following day.[354] The eastbound bridge opened in June.[355] Demolition of the old bridge began on August 22, and was completed on September 5. The rest of the realignment was completed in June 2008. With this, the entire project cost $150,000,000.[65]
_just_west_of_Exit_340_in_Upper_Dublin_Township,_Montgomery_County,_Pennsylvania.jpg)
In November 2006, Governor Ed Rendell and Pennsylvania House Speaker John Perzel proposed leasing the turnpike longterm to a private group to raise money to improve other infrastructure in the state. Such a lease was thought to raise up to $30 billion (equivalent to $43.6 billion in 2023[105]) for the state.[356] In October 2007, 34 companies submitted 14 proposals to lease the turnpike.[357] On May 19, 2008, a record $12.8-billion (equivalent to $18.1 billion in 2023[105]) proposal by Abertis, a Spain-based firm, and Citigroup in New York City to lease the turnpike was submitted.[358] The consortium withdrew the offer on September 30, 2008, as they reasoned the proposal would not be approved in the state legislature.[359]
Plans were made to widen the road to six lanes between the Valley Forge Interchange and Norristown Interchange in the late 1990s.[360] In order to allow for such, construction began on a second Schuylkill River Bridge in 1998. Work was completed a month early in May 2000.[361] Work on the rest of the widening began in October 2004.[362] As part of the work, the Norristown Interchange had its toll plaza expanded.[65] Work west of the Schuylkill River was completed on December 22, 2006. Work on widening east of the bridge was completed on November 21, 2008.[65] The entire project cost $330 million (equivalent to $459 million in 2023[105]).[363]
A project was undertaken to widen the turnpike to six lanes between the Gateway Toll Plaza and New Castle Interchange. The first phase began in September 2005. This involved rebuilding the overpasses between mileposts 4 and milepost 9, and was completed in November 2006. The second phase, which began in early 2006, involved rebuilding the roadway.[65] It also saw conversion of the Gateway Toll Barrier, from a dual directional plaza with no express lanes into eastbound only plaza with express E-ZPass lanes.[364] This phase of work was completed in July 2007.[365] Rebuilding of the section between the Gateway Toll Barrier and milepost 10 began in January 2007 and was completed on May 21, 2009. The entire project cost $132 million, equivalent to $183 million in 2023[105].[65]
In December 2009, the PTC renamed the Philadelphia Interchange the Bensalem Interchange, as that town was had petitioned to do so. WIth this, tickets at the toll plaza were updated, and signage replaced.[366]
On April 28, 2010, Governor Ed Rendell proposed that maintenance of the turnpike be taken over by PennDOT. A special session of the state legislature voted on this issue on May 4,[367] choosing not to go with this plan.[65]
Plans were announced to build a pair of concrete replacement bridges over the Allegheny River in 2005.[368] Work began in May 2007.[16] As with the Susquehanna River Work, the turnpike was partially replaced to meet with the new bridges. The Allegheny Valley Interchange ramps onto the turnpike was replaced so as to meet with the new bridge.[65] A dedication ceremony was held on October 23, 2009.[16] The bridges, which cost $194 million (equivalent to $268 million in 2023[105]), opened to traffic the following day. Demolition of the old bridge began after, a controlled implosion to take down part of it occurred on July 13, 2010,[369][370] a second implosion occurred on July 30 to try to bring down another other half, though this failed, with workers having to weld the superstructures piers in strategic locations until the remaining portion of the structure fell down. Work on the $193.6 million (equivalent to $26.7 million in 2023[105]) project was largely completed when the westbound bridge was opened on November 15.[65]
Plans were made for an eastbound slip ramp with PA 132. In order to allow for this, the South Neshaminy Plaza was permanently closed on July 30, 2007.[65] Construction on the ramp itself began in November 2009.[371] The ramp was opened to traffic on November 22, 2010. At the cost $7.4 million (equivalent to $10.1 million in 2023[105]), it was built to provide improved access to Parx Casino and Racing.[372]
In 2005, plans were announced to widen the road to six lanes between the Irwin Interchange and New Stanton Interchange.[373] As part of the project, the Hempfield service plaza was closed in January 2007.[85] Work was completed in November 2011.[374]
On July 23, 2009, widening of the roadway to six lanes began between The Warrendale Toll Plaza and Butler Valley Interchange. Work involved replacing three overpasses, and building a new alignment between milepost 32.4 and milepost 35.5. Work was completed in November 2012 at the cost of $113 million.[65]
On September 26, 2012, the PTC began a program to introduce a new ATIM system. These printed new tickets, which were 1.75 inches longer, printed on thermal paper, and lacked magnetic strips the old tickets had. In addition, the tickets were not preprinted, meaning that more ink was saved in comparison to the old system. The first two interchanges to get the new machines were the Willow Run Interchange and Lebanon-Lancaster Interchange. After this test was completed, starting on October 1, the new machines were installed at the rest of the low volume interchanges, and by December 6, the high volume interchanges had also transitioned to the new system. This was done because the old ATIM system had become obsolete, and if left in use past 2012, they would have been expensive to maintain due to a shortage of parts.[65]
In 1998, plans were announced for a slip ramp at PA 252. Residents opposed the plan, fearing that it would impact the area.[375] In 1999, the commission altered these plans so that a ramp would be built at PA 29 instead.[376] The PTC approved funding for the slip ramp in 2002,[377] but the project was temporarily put on hold in 2009 because of engineering and design problems.[378] It was announced that the commission would approve construction of the slip ramp at PA 29 in August 2010, and construction began the following March.[379][380] The new ramp became the only E-ZPass interchange, as it was accessible in both directions. It opened on December 11, 2012; Governor Tom Corbett cut the ribbon.[380][381]
On June 22, 2012, the PTC began a $4.5 million project to reconstruct the Somerset Interchanges access road. Some of the old connections to local roads were eliminated, and two new ones were created to supplement them. This was completed in Summer 2013.[65]
On June 17, 2014, the road was officially dedicated as a Blue Star Memorial Highway, in honor of veterans who work(ed) at the PTC.[65]
In March 2013, Montgomery County officials announced they were considering more slip ramps along the turnpike to ease traffic congestion.[382] The Pennsylvania Turnpike Corridor Reinvestment Project was released in 2015, with plans to build additional interchanges along the turnpike in Montgomery County to revitalize adjacent business parks.[383] Proposed locations for new interchanges included PA 63 near Willow Grove, Henderson Road in Upper Merion Township, and Lafayette Street/Ridge Pike near Norristown and Plymouth Meeting. There were also plans to add eastbound ramps at the existing Virginia Drive interchange, ramps at the Valley Forge interchange to First Avenue and Moore Road in King of Prussia, a ramp at the Fort Washington interchange to Commerce Drive, and the reconstruction of the Willow Grove interchange into an at-grade intersection.[384] None of this ever occurred primarily due to the conversion to all electronic tolling.
In 2014, a reconstruction began between milepost 99 and milepost 102. This was completed in October 2015, at the cost of 39 million.
The speed limit was increased to 70 mph (110 km/h) between the Blue Mountain and Morgantown interchanges on July 22, 2014, as part of a test.[385] On March 15, 2016, the PTC approved raising the speed limit on the remainder of the turnpike to 70 mph (110 km/h) except for sections posted with a 55-mile-per-hour (89 km/h) limit;[386][387] the speed limit increased to 70 mph (110 km/h) on the 65-mile-per-hour (105 km/h) sections of the road on May 3 of that year. It remains 55 mph (89 km/h) in construction zones, tunnels, mainline toll plazas, the portion between the New Stanton Interchange and milepost 130.[388][389][390]
On April 22, 2014, a groundbreaking ceremony was held to reconstruct the road between mileposts 250 and 252. Work on this $47.65 million project, which also installed sound barriers,[65] was completed in August 2016.
In 2015, implementation of support for credit and debit cards on ATIMs began, with the first interchange to get it being Willow Hill.[391] By October of the following year, the entire road accepted the new payment option.[392] This was meant as a last resort for cash users who ran out of money before reaching their destination, because of this, it was the least used of the three toll options.[393]
In November 2016, the PTC completed a project that rebuilt the road at milepost 128 in order to eliminate a known rockslide area.
The turnpike had originally used traffic lights as feedback signals for E-ZPass users. On March 17, 2017, the PTC announced that it would remove these alongside an upgrade to the toll equipment; they did not conform to federal signage guidelines.[394]
In September 2017, the PTC removed call boxes due to increased mobile-phone use.[395]
In 2013, work began on a widening to six lanes between the Harrisburg West Interchange and Susquehanna River Bridge. Overpass replacement began that year, with construction on the actual road widening beginning in 2014.[65] Work on the project was completed in Spring 2018 at the cost of $92,000,000.[396]
A project was undertaken to widen the road to six lanes between the Blue Mountain Tunnel and the Carlisle Interchange. This work involved replacement of the Blue Mountain Interchange, eighteen other overpasses, and realignment of a short portion near the tunnel's portal.[397] Business owners in the area had proposed building a slip ramp near the Carlisle Interchange in order to reduce congestion, though this did not occur. Work was completed by the end of 2018 at the cost of $500,000,00.[398]
In September 2019, the turnpike launched a smartphone app for paying tolls.[399]
In August 2013, construction began on a project to widen the road to six lanes between the milepost 40 and the Allegheny Valley Interchange. Work involved reconstructing bridge structures, with sole exception to the McClelland Road underpass. It was completed on October 17, 2019, at the cost of $200 million.[65]
In March 2017, construction began on improvements to the Dongeal Interchange. These were completed in October 2020.[400]
In 2021, construction began on a project to widen the road to six lanes between the Cranberry Interchange and Warrendale Toll Plaza. It was completed in September 2022.[401]
Reconstruction of the ramps into US 1 from the Bensalem Interchange began in November 2018[402][403] and was completed in December 2022.[404]
In May 2019, the PTC began a project to rehabilitate the Tuscarora Mountain Tunnel. As part of this, the eastbound bore was rebuilt, taking on a new arch shaped ceiling resembling its original appearance, while both were given new lighting, conduit, tiling, waterproofing, variable messages signs, a collection system, and new, wider driving lanes and a resurfaced approach road with repaired bridges. The tunnel portals were repainted and given new switch gears and ventilation, while the generators were improved and guard office space expanded. Work was completed in January 2024.[405]
Construction to widen the section between milepost 102 and the Somerset Interchange began in January 2021. It involved bypassing some curves of the turnpike with new ones. Work was completed in August 2024.[406][407]
In October 2024, support for Apple Pay and Google Pay was introduced.[408]
In 2026, reconstruction will be completed between milepost 126 and 131.[409]
In 2004, plans were announced to widen the highway to six lanes between the Downingtown Interchange and Valley Forge Interchange.[410] Three years later, the project's western terminus was scaled back from Downingtown to the proposed PA 29 slip ramp.[411] Plans for the widening were presented to the public in 2009.[412] Later that year, the widening was put on hold because of engineering problems;[378] it resumed in 2010.[413] Work was scheduled to begin in 2013, with completion in 2015.[414] In October 2012, the project was postponed a year because of delays in permit approvals.[415] The project is being split into two phases: one between the PA 252 overpass and the Valley Forge interchange, and the other between the PA 29 interchange and the PA 252 overpass.[416] Construction began on September 27, 2021, with the new lanes opening to traffic in October 2024[417] and all work expected to be completed in May 2025.[418] Reconstruction and widening of the turnpike from the Downingtown interchange east to the Valley Hill Road overpass began in early 2023, with completion planned for 2027.[419]
In 2012, the PTC announced they were planning to replace the Beaver River Bridge, the last deck truss bridge on the mainline. While not structurally deficient, it has a similar design to the I-35W Mississippi River Bridge, which collapsed in 2007, and is functionally obsolete. As part of this, the Beaver Valley Interchange was also to be rebuilt, as it was built with a toll plaza in mind and does not meet current design standards.[420] Soon after, they set aside nearly $300 million to replace the bridge, and began the design phase.[421] In September 2013, the PTC began the work, which would at first replace a number of bridges between mileposts 12 and 14. This was completed in November 2017, allowing for future widening from four to six lanes. The first phase was completed in December 2022 and the PTC began the second phase: the widening to six lanes. Work is expected to be competed in September 2027 at a cost of $292 million.[422]
In 2010, McCormick Taylor and Wilbur Smith Associates were hired by the PTC to conduct a feasibility study on converting the road to all-electronic tolling.[33] On March 6, 2012, the turnpike commission announced that it was implementing this plan.[34] The turnpike commission projected that it would save $65 million annually on labor costs by eliminating toll collectors.[35] The first plazas to be converted were the toll plazas at the end of the turnpike. The Delaware River Toll Plaza was converted from a standard toll plaza serving both directions into a westbound on all-electronic barrier in January 2016, becoming the first on the turnpike to do so.[citation needed] On October 27, 2019, all-electronic tolling was implemented at the express lanes at the Gateway Toll Barrier.[citation needed] All-electronic tolling was originally scheduled to be implemented between the Gateway Toll Barrier and Neashemy Falls Toll Barrier, as well as on the Northeast Extension, in late 2021.[38] In March 2020, the turnpike made the switch early as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. With this, the E-ZPass, previously restricted to E-ZPass users, had this restriction removed.[26] The all-electronic tolling system on the turnpike will initially use toll booths at exits until mainline toll gantries between interchanges are constructed.[38] Construction on the gantries began in 2023.[423] They also determined a new tolling structure would be implemented, with tolls calculated based on length rather than weight.[424] Mainline toll gantries are planned to be in operation on January 5, 2025, east of the Reading interchange and by January 2027 along the western portion of the turnpike.[425][426] Demolition of the old toll plazas will begin shortly after, and is to be completed by mid-2028.[427]
Future
[edit]A slip ramp was planned in 2000 as part of a revitalization plan to connect Lafayette Street with the turnpike in Norristown.[428] Construction of the Lafayette Street extension began in 2013, and was completed the following year.[429] On January 7, 2015, the commission committed $45 million (equivalent to $56.6 million in 2023[105]) to building the interchange.[430] The commission's Fiscal Year 2017 Capital Plan included $66 million (equivalent to $80.7 million in 2023[105]) for the Lafayette Street interchange. The design phase began in 2017, with preliminary engineering in 2018 and 2019.[431] Construction of the Lafayette Street interchange is expected to begin in 2027 and be completed in 2029.[432] The project would involve extending Lafayette Street to the new ramp.[433] The proposed slip ramp is projected to cost $160 million (equivalent to $269 million in 2023[105]). Montgomery County officials have proposed a surcharge for the new exit to help pay for the project.[434]
On September 24, 2024, the PTC announced plans to widen the stretch between mileposts 160 and 163 to six lanes; this would also involve replacement of the Breezewood interchange to add a connection between the turnpike and I-70. The project is planned to begin its preliminary design phase in 2025, with construction underway by 2027.[435]
Plans for an interchange between the turnpike and I-95 in Bristol Township to connect portions of I-95 in Pennsylvania and the New Jersey Turnpike were proposed in 1978.[436][437] The roads did not have an interchange because earlier laws (since repealed) prohibited federal funds from being used to connect toll roads.[228] In 1982, the federal government mandated that the interchange be built in Pennsylvania.[438] A gap existed on I-95 because of the unbuilt Somerset Freeway segment in central New Jersey.[436] Under the plan, I-95 would be rerouted to follow the turnpike between the new interchange and the New Jersey state line;[439] the interchange would also be the new terminus of an extended I-295.[440][441] Area residents who thought the interchange would lead to a decline in their quality of life opposed the plan.[442] An environmental impact statement (EIS) was released in 2003.[443] The interchange received environmental approval in 2004, the preliminary design was completed in 2008, and the final design followed.[444][445][446] The project involved building a high-speed interchange between the roads. The turnpike commission will also widen the existing four-lane road to six lanes east of the Bensalem interchange. A new toll plaza was built east of the Street Road interchange at Neshaminy Falls to mark the eastern end of the ticket system consisting of high-speed E-ZPass lanes and ticket and cash booths, and the former Delaware River Bridge toll barrier was converted to serve westbound traffic only, and the Delaware Valley Interchange had its toll plaza removed. A new bridge will be built over the Delaware River. Work on the project began in late 2010, and two bridges over the turnpike were replaced in 2011.[440] Groundbreaking for the interchange with I-95 took place on July 30, 2013, with Governor Corbett in attendance.[447] Construction of the interchange's first stage began in late 2014.[448] Flyover ramps between northbound I-95 and the eastbound turnpike and between the westbound turnpike and southbound I-95 opened on September 22, 2018.[449] Work on the new mainline toll plaza and turnpike widening between I-95 and the Delaware River began in 2013 and was completed in 2016.[440] The connector was finished in 2018 and completed I-95, which runs from Florida north to Maine. Part of the Interstate Highway System, it serves over 110 million people in over 10 percent of the total US land area. Its development began as part of the Federal-Aid Highway Act in 1956.[450] I-95 was widened, and the exit 42 ramp to US 13 was converted to an at-grade intersection with tolls removed.[451] Long-term plans call for the construction of missing elements between the turnpike, I-95 and I-295 and widening the turnpike between the Bensalem interchange and I-95. Plans have also been made for a six-lane replacement of the Delaware River Bridge, which is expected to begin construction in 2025 at the earliest.[452] The project's first stage, which includes the new toll plaza, widening and flyover ramps between I-95 and the turnpike, will cost $420 million. The flyover ramps are expected to cost $142.9 million, with $100 million from federal funds and the remainder from the turnpike commission. The PTC is borrowing money from foreign investors to fund the project, and the commission entered a partnership with the Delaware Valley Regional Center (DVRC) in 2014 to raise half the funds needed to construct the interchange. The EB-5 visa program will allow the commission, through the DVRC, to save about $35 million of traditional borrowing costs over five years.[453] The remaining stages of the project are unfunded, with an estimated cost of $1.1 billion.[448]
A 1996 study on improving the Allegheny Mountain portion by building a replacement tube or a cut was made.[454][455] Based on the study, the commission planned to replace the deteriorating tunnel with a cut through the mountain.[455] These plans were postponed indefinitely in 2001 because it would cost $93.7 million (equivalent to $154 million in 2023[105]), though were revived in 2009.[456] The nearby Mountain Field and Stream Club prefers that the tunnels be improved or a new tube built rather than the bypass. The narrow Allegheny Mountain Tunnel is deteriorating, with disintegrating ceiling slabs and outdated lighting and ventilation.[457] On October 22, 2013, the PTC announced plans to replace the tunnels (the older of which was 73 years old) with new tunnels or a bypass due to the age and condition of the 1940 tunnel and the need for additional capacity.[458] About 11 million vehicles use the tunnel every year.[459] On December 24, 2014, the PTC announced that it was going forward with plans to replace the Allegheny Mountain Tunnel. Six options are being considered, three of which would include bypasses via rock blasting; the other three would involve boring two new tunnels (presumably three lanes each) to accommodate the PTC's long-term plans to widen the mainline turnpike to six lanes except for the tunnels. If the PTC builds new tunnels, the existing Allegheny Mountain Tunnels would be closed to traffic and repurposed. Although the projected costs for a bypass would be less than half that of boring new tunnels and would require $3 million less for annual maintenance of each tunnel, the Mountain Field and Stream Club (a local hunting group which owns 1,000 acres (400 ha) of land around the tunnel) opposed the replacement option; the group had also opposed plans to replace the tunnels in 2001.[460] In February 2020, the PTC decided that the tunnel would be bypassed with a new road to the south. Such a plan is expected to be cheaper and have less environmental impact than a new tunnel. The project is under environmental review; design is expected to take three to four years, and construction will take another three years.[461] The new alignment will included a overpass for use by wildlife that use the forests above the tunnel, and a new underpass would be built to replace the existing culvert at the Raystown Branch Juniata River. Another new underpass will be built at PA 60, directly parallel to the existing one.[462] They would also replace the maintenance facility that currently resides on the westbound side at the western portal of the tunnel with a new one located on the bypass.[citation needed] The new road will cost an estimated $332.4 million.[461]
The PTC made plans to widen the portion of road between the Pittsburgh Interchange and Irwin Interchange to six lanes.[463] As part of this, on July 16, 2019, they voted to allocate $30 million to its 10-Year Capital Plan for a new interchange from the turnpike to PA 130 in Penn Township, between exits 57 and 67.[464] As part of this, overpases are being replaced.[463] A Southwestern Pennsylvania Commission study found that PA 130 would need to be widened to accommodate the additional traffic, costing about $38 million and bringing the total project cost to about $68 million.[465] The project needs coordination between the turnpike commission and PennDOT (which maintains PA 130),[466] and is supported by the Westmoreland County Chamber of Commerce.[467] On October 28, 2021, it was announced that design work on project would begin; it is projected to be completed by 2038.[468]
In January 2013, the PTC awarded a contract for a project that would widen the road to six lanes between the Morgantown Interchange and Downingtown Interchange. This will involve rebuilding many overpasses along the stretch, including the Morgantown Interchanges.[469] Initialy expected to begin in 2018 and be compelted by 2020,[470] it has since been rescheduled.
Exit list
[edit]Mileposts are based on those signed, meaning they may not reflect actual distance from the Ohio state line.
| County | Location[471] | mi [14][472] | km | Old exit [473] | New exit [472] | Name[472] | Destinations | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lawrence | North Beaver Township | 0.00 | 0.00 | – | – |     I-76 west / Ohio Turnpike west – Ohio | Continuation into Ohio; western end of I-76 concurrency | |
| 1.43 | 2.30 | Gateway Toll Gantry (eastbound only; E-ZPass or toll-by-plate) | ||||||
| Beaver | Big Beaver | 10.70 | 17.22 | 1A | 10 | New Castle |    I-376 Toll / PA 351 – New Castle, Pittsburgh | PA 351 not signed; exit 26 on I-376 |
| 12.87 | 20.71 | 2 | 13 | Beaver Valley |  PA 18 – Ellwood City, Beaver Falls | |||
| Beaver River | 13.0– 13.3 | 20.9– 21.4 | Beaver River Bridge | |||||
| Butler | Cranberry Township | 28.47 | 45.82 | 3 | 28 | Cranberry |   I-79 / US 19 – Pittsburgh, Erie | Exit 77 on I-79; access to Old Economy Village State Historic Site; replaced the Perry Highway Interchange[474] |
| Allegheny | Marshall Township | 31.00 | 49.89 | Warrendale Toll Gantry (western end of closed toll system) | ||||
| Hampton Township | 39.10 | 62.93 | 4 | 39 | Butler Valley |  PA 8 – Pittsburgh, Butler | Formerly called the North Pittsburgh Interchange[475] | |
| Harmar Township | 47.73 | 76.81 | 5 | 48 | Allegheny Valley |   To PA 28 – New Kensington, Pittsburgh | Access via Freeport Road | |
| Allegheny River | 47.8– 48.2 | 76.9– 77.6 | Allegheny River Bridge | |||||
| Plum | 49.30 | 79.34 | Oakmont Plum Service Plaza (eastbound) | |||||
| Monroeville | 56.44 | 90.83 | 6 | 57 | Pittsburgh |     I-376 west / US 22 / US 22 Bus. west / Orange Belt – Pittsburgh, Monroeville | Eastern terminus and exit 85 on I-376; US 22 Bus./Orange Belt not signed; access to North Shore Destinations | |
| Westmoreland | Penn Township | 62.84 | 101.13 | 62 | SR 130 |  PA 130 | Proposed interchange; construction expected to start in 2035[476] | |
| North Huntingdon Township | 67.22 | 108.18 | 1 7 | 67 | Irwin |  US 30 – Irwin, Greensburg, McKeesport | Signed for Greensburg eastbound, McKeesport westbound | |
| New Stanton | 75.39 | 121.33 | 2 8 | 75 | New Stanton |     I-70 west / US 119 / PA Turnpike 66 north – Greensburg, Wheeling, WV | Western end of I-70 concurrency; exit 58 on I-70; exit 0B on PA 66; access to Washington, PA, Columbus, OH, Connellsville, and Delmont | |
| Hempfield Township | 77.60 | 124.89 | New Stanton Service Plaza (westbound) | |||||
| Donegal Township | 90.69 | 145.95 | 3 9 | 91 | Donegal |   PA 31 to PA 711 – Ligonier, Uniontown | ||
| Somerset | Somerset | 109.91 | 176.88 | 4 10 | 110 | Somerset |  To US 219 – Somerset, Johnstown | Access via PA 281; access to Flight 93 National Memorial |
| Somerset Township | 112.30– 112.40 | 180.73– 180.89 | North Somerset Service Plaza (westbound) South Somerset Service Plaza (eastbound) | |||||
| Stonycreek–Allegheny township line | 122.7– 123.9 | 197.5– 199.4 | Allegheny Mountain Tunnel | |||||
| Bedford | Bedford Township | 145.50 | 234.16 | 5 11 | 146 | Bedford |     To I-99 north / US 220 – Bedford, Altoona | Access via US 220 Bus.; access to Blue Knob State Park, Shawnee State Park, and Cumberland, MD |
| 147.30 | 237.06 | North Midway Service Plaza (westbound) South Midway Service Plaza (eastbound) | ||||||
| East Providence Township | 161.50 | 259.91 | 6 12 | 161 | Breezewood |  I-70 east to US 30 – Everett, Baltimore | Eastern end of I-70 concurrency; Everett not signed eastbound | |
| Fulton | Taylor Township | 172.30 | 277.29 | Sideling Hill Service Plaza (both directions) | ||||
| Dublin Township | 179.44 | 288.78 | 7 13 | 180 | Fort Littleton |  US 522 – McConnellsburg, Mount Union | ||
| Huntingdon–Franklin county line | Dublin–Metal township line | 187.3– 188.3 | 301.4– 303.0 | Tuscarora Mountain Tunnel | ||||
| Franklin | Metal Township | 188.59 | 303.51 | 8 14 | 189 | Willow Hill |  PA 75 – Willow Hill, Fort Loudon | |
| Fannett–Lurgan township line | 198.5– 199.4 | 319.5– 320.9 | Kittatinny Mountain Tunnel | |||||
| Lurgan Township | 199.5– 200.3 | 321.1– 322.4 | Blue Mountain Tunnel | |||||
| 201.29 | 323.94 | 9 15 | 201 | Blue Mountain |  PA 997 – Shippensburg, Chambersburg | |||
| Cumberland | Hopewell Township | 202.50 | 325.89 | Blue Mountain Service Plaza (westbound) | ||||
| West Pennsboro Township | 219.10 | 352.61 | Cumberland Valley Service Plaza (eastbound) | |||||
| Middlesex Township | 226.54 | 364.58 | 10/11 16 | 226 | Carlisle |   US 11 to I-81 – Carlisle, Harrisburg, Chambersburg | Signed for Harrisburg eastbound, Chambersburg westbound; access to US Army War College and US Army Heritage Center; formerly called the Middlesex Interchange[475] | |
| Upper Allen Township | 236.22 | 380.16 | 17 | 236 | Gettysburg Pike |  US 15 – Gettysburg, Harrisburg | Access to Harrisburg State Capital | |
| York | Fairview Township | 241.87 | 389.25 | 18 | 242 | Harrisburg West |  I-83 – York, Baltimore, Harrisburg | Exit 39B on I-83; access to Harrisburg State Capital |
| Susquehanna River | 246.5– 247.3 | 396.7– 398.0 | Susquehanna River Bridge | |||||
| Dauphin | Lower Swatara Township | 247.38 | 398.12 | 19 | 247 | Harrisburg East |    I-283 north / PA 283 east – Harrisburg, Hershey | Southern terminus of I-283; western terminus of I-283; access to Harrisburg International Airport and Harrisburg State Capital |
| 249.70 | 401.85 | Highspire Service Plaza (eastbound) | ||||||
| Dauphin–Lebanon county line | Conewago–South Londonderry township line | 258.80 | 416.50 | Lawn Service Plaza (westbound) | ||||
| Lancaster | Rapho Township | 266.45 | 428.81 | 20 | 266 | Lebanon–Lancaster |  PA 72 – Lebanon, Lancaster | Access to Cornwall Iron Furnace State Historic Site and Hershey |
| East Cocalico Township | 286.09 | 460.42 | 21 | 286 | Reading |   To US 222 / PA 272 – Reading, Ephrata, Lancaster | Access via Colonel Howard Boulevard; signed for Ephrata eastbound, Lancaster westbound; access to Ephrata Cloister and Landis Valley Museum | |
| Brecknock Township | 289.90 | 466.55 | Bowmansville Service Plaza (eastbound) | |||||
| Berks | Caernarvon Township | 298.33 | 480.12 | 22 | 298 | Morgantown |    I-176 north to PA 10 / PA 23 – Morgantown, Reading | Southern terminus of I-176; access to Daniel Boone Homestead State Historical Site |
| Chester | Wallace Township | 304.80 | 490.53 | Peter J. Camiel Service Plaza (westbound) | ||||
| Uwchlan Township | 311.93 | 502.00 | 23 | 312 | Downingtown |  PA 100 – Pottstown, West Chester | Access to Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site | |
| Charlestown–East Whiteland– Tredyffrin township tripoint | 319.33 | 513.91 | – | 320 | SR 29 |  PA 29 – Phoenixville, Malvern | ||
| Tredyffrin Township | 324.50 | 522.23 | Valley Forge Service Plaza (eastbound) | |||||
| Montgomery | Upper Merion Township | 326.62 | 525.64 | 24 | 326 | Valley Forge |   I-76 east to I-476 / US 202 – Philadelphia, Valley Forge  I-276 begins | Eastern end of I-76 concurrency; western terminus of I-276; access to Valley Forge National Historical Park |
| 328.40 | 528.51 | King of Prussia Service Plaza (westbound) | ||||||
| Schuylkill River | 331.7– 331.9 | 533.8– 534.1 | Schuylkill River Bridge | |||||
| Plymouth Township | 333.28 | 536.36 | 25 | 333 | Norristown |  I-476 south – Chester, Norristown | I-476/Chester not signed westbound; access to Norristown via Plymouth Road; exit 20 on I-476 | |
| 334.5 | 538.3 | – | – | Mid-County | I-476 north / Penna Turnpike NE Extension north – Allentown | Southern terminus of Penna Turnpike NE Extension | ||
| 25A | 20 | Mid-County | I-476 south – Chester | Westbound exit and eastbound entrance; exit no. corresponds to I-476 | ||||
| Upper Dublin Township | 338.36 | 544.54 | 26 | 339 | Fort Washington |  PA 309 – Philadelphia, Ambler | Access to Hope Lodge State Historic Site | |
| 339.80 | 546.86 | 26A[329] | 340 | Virginia Drive | Virginia Drive | Westbound exit and entrance; no trucks | ||
| Upper Moreland Township | 342.91 | 551.86 | 27 | 343 | Willow Grove |  PA 611 – Doylestown, Jenkintown | Access to Graeme Park State Historic Site | |
| Bucks | Bensalem Township | 351.49 | 565.67 | 28 | 351 | Bensalem |   US 1 to I-95 south – Philadelphia, Trenton | I-95 not signed westbound; formerly called the Philadelphia Interchange[477] |
| 351.89 | 566.31 | – | 352 | Street Road |  PA 132 (Street Road) | Eastbound exit and entrance | ||
| 352.67 | 567.57 | Neshaminy Falls Toll Gantry (eastern end of closed toll system) | ||||||
| Bristol Township | 41.1 | 66.1 | – | – | I-95 south – Philadelphia I-276 ends | Westbound exit and eastbound entrance; eastern terminus of I-276; western end of I-95 concurrency; mainline signed as I-95 exit 40 | ||
| 42.4 | 68.2 | 29 358 | 42 | – |  US 13 – Levittown, Bristol | Formerly known as the Delaware Valley Interchange | ||
| Delaware River | 43.7 | 70.3 | Delaware River–Turnpike Toll Bridge (westbound toll) | |||||
| – | – |   I-95 north / Pearl Harbor Extension east to N.J. Turnpike – New Jersey, New York | Continuation into New Jersey; eastern end of I-95 concurrency | |||||
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
| ||||||||
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Dakelman, Mitchell E. & Schorr, Neal A. (2004). The Pennsylvania Turnpike. Images of America. Mount Pleasant, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. p. 69. ISBN 0-7385-3532-X. OCLC 55992362.
- ^ "75 Years of Turnpike History". Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
- ^ a b c d Dakelman & Schorr (2004), p. 104.
- ^ "Pennsylvania State Roads (GIS data set)". Pennsylvania Department of Transportation. January 2012. Archived from the original on January 20, 2013. Retrieved October 11, 2012.
- ^ Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. "PHMC Historical Markers Search" (Searchable database). Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k The Pennsylvania Turnpike. Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission. 1981.
- ^ Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (2015). Pennsylvania Traffic Volume Map (PDF) (Map). Pennsylvania Department of Transportation. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 25, 2017. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
- ^ Federal Highway Administration (2010). National Highway System: Pennsylvania (PDF) (Map). Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved October 14, 2012.
- ^ Natzke, Stefan; Neathery, Mike & Adderly, Kevin (June 20, 2012). "What is the National Highway System?". National Highway System. Federal Highway Administration. Archived from the original on September 24, 2012. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
- ^ "History and Current Status of: The Blue Star Memorial Highways". National Remember our Troops Campaign. Archived from the original on January 6, 2015. Retrieved November 3, 2013.
- ^ "Blue Star Marker to be Placed at New Stanton Service Plaza". Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission. June 1, 2010. Archived from the original on March 14, 2016. Retrieved November 3, 2013.
- ^ Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission. TRIP Travel Conditions Map (Map). Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission. Archived from the original on September 22, 2014. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission. The Pennsylvania Turnpike Simplified Map (PDF) (Map). Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 17, 2015. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq Google (September 6, 2012). "Overview of Pennsylvania Turnpike" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved September 6, 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q ADC Map (2003). Pennsylvania State Road Atlas. Alexandria, Virginia: ADC Map. pp. 54–56, 68–78, 82–84. ISBN 0875303714.
- ^ a b c d Schmitz, Jon (October 24, 2009). "Turnpike Bridge Over Allegheny Set To Open: Second Span To Be Ready In Nov. 2010". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. B-1.
- ^ a b c Dakelman & Schorr (2004), p. 63.
- ^ a b c Dakelman & Schorr (2004), p. 29.
- ^ a b Dakelman & Schorr (2004), p. 31.
- ^ Dakelman & Schorr (2004), p. 64.
- ^ a b c "Photo of new Pennsylvania Turnpike bridge over Susquehanna River". The Patriot-News. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. May 18, 2007. p. A01.
- ^ Dakelman & Schorr (2004), p. 94.
- ^ a b "Route Log - Auxiliary Routes of the Eisenhower National System Of Interstate and Defense Highways - Table 2". Federal Highway Administration. October 31, 2002. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
- ^ a b Dakelman & Schorr (2004), p. 123.
- ^ "Interstate 95 straight line diagram" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Transportation. Retrieved March 26, 2007.
- ^ a b c d e 2024 Toll Schedule (PDF). Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission. 2024. Retrieved January 7, 2024.
- ^ "PA Turnpike Toll By Plate - What is it?". Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
- ^ a b McCormack, Lauren (January 3, 2009). "Turnpike toll hike coming Sunday". The Phoenix. Phoenixville, Pennsylvania. p. 3.
- ^ "Pennsylvania Turnpike to raise tolls in 2015". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. March 27, 2014. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
- ^ Boehm, Eric (January 6, 2013). "Tolls climbing, traffic declining as Pa. Turnpike officials chase revenue". The Reporter. Lansdale, Pennsylvania. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
- ^ a b 2019 Toll Schedule (PDF). Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission. 2019. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
- ^ "Traffic Rules and Regulations". Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
- ^ a b c Mattar, George (December 29, 2010). "Turnpike considers getting rid of cash tolls". The Intelligencer. Doylestown, Pennsylvania. p. 1.
- ^ a b Thompson, Charles (March 6, 2012). "Caution: All-E-Z Pass turnpike ahead". The Patriot-News. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. p. A1.
- ^ a b Nussbaum, Paul (March 13, 2012). "Pa. Turnpike looks at much higher non-E-ZPass rates". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. A1.
- ^ Behrman, Elizabeth (January 1, 2016). "Toll over Pennsylvania Turnpike's Delaware Bridge will be cashless". Greensburg Tribune-Review. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
- ^ Blazina, Ed (October 24, 2019). "Pa. Turnpike begins cashless tolling Sunday at Ohio border, Route 66 bypass". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
- ^ a b c d Blazina, Ed (November 2, 2019). "Pa. Turnpike won't take cash by fall 2021". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved November 3, 2019.
- ^ Tierney, Jacob (June 2, 2020). "Pennsylvania Turnpike to lay off 500 employees, make cashless tolling permanent". TribLive. Retrieved June 2, 2020.
- ^ Blazina, Ed (November 29, 2020). "Pennsylvania Turnpike to build new toll plaza - but with no booths - in North Hills". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
- ^ Kratz, Alyssa (December 2, 2022). "Pennsylvania Turnpike to implement open road tolling by 2025". York, Pennsylvania: WPMT-TV. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
- ^ "Open Road Tolling". Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
- ^ Southwick, Ron (July 21, 2020). "Pa. Turnpike raising tolls again in 2021; those without E-ZPass will pay much more". PennLive. Retrieved January 15, 2021.
- ^ a b "Turnpike costs take 25% hike for travelers: Last increase was in 2004". Butler Eagle. January 4, 2009. p. 2.
- ^ a b c d e f 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.
- ^ Rauhut, Marcus (January 4, 2009). "Turnpike tolls rise 25 percent Sunday". Public Opinion. Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.
- ^ "Pa. Turnpike users now paying more". Bucks County Courier Times. Associated Press. January 3, 2010. p. 1.
- ^ Schmitz, Jon (July 16, 2010). "Turnpike To Become Costliest Toll Road: E-ZPass Customers Will Get Price Break Over Those Paying Cash". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. A1.
- ^ a b DeStefano, Carla (January 2, 2011). "Turnpike rate increase takes effect". Herald-Standard. Uniontown, Pennsylvania. p. A2.
- ^ Samuel, Peter (July 29, 2013). "Penn Pike to up E-ZPass tolls 2%, cash tolls 12% Jan 1, 2014". TollRoadsNews. Archived from the original on January 7, 2014. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
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External links
[edit]
- Official site
- Pennsylvania Highways: Pennsylvania Turnpike
- The Pennsylvania Turnpike @ Pennsylvania Road photos
- Pennsylvania Roads - I-76 - Pennsylvania Turnpike
- Pennsylvania Roads - I-76 - Abandoned Tpk.
- Information about the abandoned sections of the Pennsylvania Turnpike
- Pennsylvania Roads - I-276 - Pennsylvania Turnpike
- The Pennsylvania Turnpike A History Archived June 8, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- Pennsylvania @ AARoads - Interstate 76
- Pennsylvania @ AARoads - Interstate 276 / Pennsylvania Turnpike
- Pennsylvania @ AARoads - Interstate 95
- Interstate Guide – I-276
- I-276 on Kurumi.com
- The Roads of Metro Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Turnpike - Delaware River Extension (I-276)
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- Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission
- Interstate 70
- Interstate 76 (Ohio–New Jersey)
- Interstate 95
- Lincoln Highway
- Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks
- Interstate Highways in Pennsylvania
- Toll roads in Pennsylvania
- Tolled sections of Interstate Highways
- Transportation in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
- Transportation in Beaver County, Pennsylvania
- Transportation in Bedford County, Pennsylvania
- Transportation in Berks County, Pennsylvania
- Transportation in Bucks County, Pennsylvania
- Transportation in Butler County, Pennsylvania
- Transportation in Chester County, Pennsylvania
- Transportation in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania
- Transportation in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania
- Transportation in Franklin County, Pennsylvania
- Transportation in Fulton County, Pennsylvania
- Transportation in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania
- Transportation in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
- Transportation in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania
- Transportation in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania
- Transportation in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania
- Transportation in Somerset County, Pennsylvania
- Transportation in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
- Transportation in York County, Pennsylvania
- U.S. Route 30